Method for operating bandwidth part

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides a method by which a terminal, in which a primary cell and a secondary cell are set, activate a bandwidth part (BWP) in a wireless communication system, comprising: receiving downlink control information (DCI) from a network, the DCI notifying the terminal of the separation of the secondary cell from the dormant BWP; and activating a specific BWP of the secondary cell on the basis of the DCI, the specific BWP being a BWP set by upper layer signaling received through the terminal.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

Pursuant to 35 U.S.C. § 119(e), this application is a continuation ofInternational Application No. PCT/KR2020/011442, with an internationalfiling date of Aug. 27, 2020, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/932,598, filed on Nov. 8, 2019,Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0129262, filed on Oct. 17, 2019,and Korean Patent Application No. 10-2019-0141020, filed on Nov. 6,2019, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference hereinin their entirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE Field of the Disclosure

The present disclosure relates to wireless communication.

Related Art

As a growing number of communication devices require highercommunication capacity, there is a need for advanced mobile broadbandcommunication as compared to existing radio access technology (RAT).Massive machine-type communication (MTC), which provides a variety ofservices anytime and anywhere by connecting a plurality of devices and aplurality of objects, is also one major issue to be considered innext-generation communication. In addition, designs for communicationsystems considering services or user equipments (UEs) sensitive toreliability and latency are under discussion. Introduction ofnext-generation RAT considering enhanced mobile broadband communication,massive MTC, and ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) isunder discussion. In the disclosure, for convenience of description,this technology may be referred to as new RAT or new radio (NR).

In the LTE system, a dormant state is defined in order to rapidlyperform activation/deactivation of a secondary cell (SCell), and when aspecific SCell is set to a dormant state, a UE may not monitor a PDCCHfor the cell. Thereafter, in order to rapidly activate the correspondingSCell, it is defined that measurement and reporting are performed in thedormant state to monitor the channel condition and link status of thecorresponding cell. For example, when a specific SCell is set to adormant state, a UE does not perform PDCCH monitoring but may performmeasurement and reporting for channel state information (CSI)/radioresource management (RRM). In the NR system, the aforementioned dormantstate or a dormancy behavior may be defined in units of BWP.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure defines a dormant operation and a configurationduring the dormant operation, and proposes a BWP operation method whenswitching to a normal mode.

Advantageous Effects

According to the present disclosure, by defining a dormant operation anda normal operation in consideration of the NR system, and a BWPoperation method therefor, power saving efficiency of the UE can beincreased.

Effects obtained through specific examples of this specification are notlimited to the foregoing effects. For example, there may be a variety oftechnical effects that a person having ordinary skill in the related artcan understand or derive from this specification. Accordingly, specificeffects of the disclosure are not limited to those explicitly indicatedherein but may include various effects that may be understood or derivedfrom technical features of the disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the presentdisclosure may be applied.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a userplane.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for acontrol plane.

FIG. 4 shows another wireless communication system to which the presentdisclosure may be applied.

FIG. 5 illustrates a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a frame structure that may be appliedin NR.

FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure.

FIG. 8 illustrates CORESET.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a difference between a related artcontrol region and the CORESET in NR.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a frame structure for new radio accesstechnology.

FIG. 11 illustrates a structure of a self-contained slot.

FIG. 12 is an abstract schematic diagram illustrating hybrid beamformingfrom the viewpoint of TXRUs and physical antennas.

FIG. 13 schematically illustrates a synchronization signal/PBCH(SS/PBCH) block.

FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a UE to obtain timing information.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a system information acquisitionprocess of a UE.

FIG. 16 illustrates a random access procedure.

FIG. 17 illustrates a power ramping counter.

FIG. 18 illustrates the concept of the threshold of an SS block in arelationship with an RACH resource.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of performing anidle-mode DRX operation.

FIG. 20 illustrates a DRX cycle.

FIG. 21 shows an example of a dormancy behavior.

FIG. 22 shows an example of a BWP operation.

FIG. 23 shows another example of the BWP operation of a UE.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart for an example of a BWP operation method of aUE/terminal according to some implements of the present disclosure.

FIG. 25 schematically illustrates an example to which the method of FIG.24 is applied.

FIG. 26 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 27 illustrates a wireless device that is applicable to thedisclosure.

FIG. 28 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmissionsignal.

FIG. 29 illustrates another example of a wireless device applied to thedisclosure.

FIG. 30 illustrates a hand-held device applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 31 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle appliedto the disclosure.

FIG. 32 illustrates a vehicle applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 33 illustrates a XR device applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 34 illustrates a robot applied to the disclosure.

FIG. 35 illustrates an AI device applied to the disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

As used herein, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or “both A and B”.That is, “A or B” may be interpreted as “A and/or B” herein. Forexample, “A, B or C” may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “anycombination of A, B, and C”.

As used herein, a slash (/) or a comma (,) may mean “and/or”. Forexample, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Therefore, “A/B” may include “onlyA”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, B,or C”.

As used herein, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”, “only B”,or “both A and B”. Further, as used herein, “at least one of A or B” or“at least one of A and/or B” may be interpreted equally as “at least oneof A and B”.

As used herein, “at least one of A, B, and C” may mean “only A”, “onlyB”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B, and C”. Further, “at leastone of A, B, or C” or “at least one of A, B, and/or C” may mean “atleast one of A, B, and C”.

As used herein, parentheses may mean “for example”. For instance, theexpression “control information (PDCCH)” may mean that a PDCCH isproposed as an example of control information. That is, controlinformation is not limited to a PDCCH, but a PDCCH is proposed as anexample of control information. Further, the expression “controlinformation (i.e., a PDCCH)” may also mean that a PDCCH is proposed asan example of control information.

Technical features that are separately described in one drawing may beimplemented separately or may be implemented simultaneously.

FIG. 1 shows a wireless communication system to which the presentdisclosure may be applied. The wireless communication system may bereferred to as an Evolved-UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network(E-UTRAN) or a Long Term Evolution (LTE)/LTE-A system.

The E-UTRAN includes at least one base station (BS) 20 which provides acontrol plane and a user plane to a user equipment (UE) 10. The UE 10may be fixed or mobile, and may be referred to as another terminology,such as a mobile station (MS), a user terminal (UT), a subscriberstation (SS), a mobile terminal (MT), a wireless device, etc. The BS 20is generally a fixed station that communicates with the UE 10 and may bereferred to as another terminology, such as an evolved node-B (eNB), abase transceiver system (BTS), an access point, etc.

The BSs 20 are interconnected by means of an X2 interface. The BSs 20are also connected by means of an S1 interface to an evolved packet core(EPC) 30, more specifically, to a mobility management entity (MME)through S1-MME and to a serving gateway (S-GW) through S1-U.

The EPC 30 includes an MME, an S-GW, and a packet data network-gateway(P-GW). The MME has access information of the UE or capabilityinformation of the UE, and such information is generally used formobility management of the UE. The S-GW is a gateway having an E-UTRANas an end point. The P-GW is a gateway having a PDN as an end point.

Layers of a radio interface protocol between the UE and the network canbe classified into a first layer (L1), a second layer (L2), and a thirdlayer (L3) based on the lower three layers of the open systeminterconnection (OSI) model that is well-known in the communicationsystem. Among them, a physical (PHY) layer belonging to the first layerprovides an information transfer service by using a physical channel,and a radio resource control (RRC) layer belonging to the third layerserves to control a radio resource between the UE and the network. Forthis, the RRC layer exchanges an RRC message between the UE and the BS.

FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture for a userplane. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a wireless protocol architecture fora control plane. The user plane is a protocol stack for user datatransmission. The control plane is a protocol stack for control signaltransmission.

Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a PHY layer provides an upper layer with aninformation transfer service through a physical channel. The PHY layeris connected to a medium access control (MAC) layer which is an upperlayer of the PHY layer through a transport channel. Data is transferredbetween the MAC layer and the PHY layer through the transport channel.The transport channel is classified according to how and with whatcharacteristics data is transferred through a radio interface.

Data is moved between different PHY layers, that is, the PHY layers of atransmitter and a receiver, through a physical channel. The physicalchannel may be modulated according to an Orthogonal Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM) scheme, and use the time and frequency as radioresources.

The functions of the MAC layer include mapping between a logical channeland a transport channel and multiplexing and demultiplexing to atransport block that is provided through a physical channel on thetransport channel of a MAC Service Data Unit (SDU) that belongs to alogical channel. The MAC layer provides service to a Radio Link Control(RLC) layer through the logical channel.

The functions of the RLC layer include the concatenation, segmentation,and reassembly of an RLC SDU. In order to guarantee various types ofQuality of Service (QoS) required by a Radio Bearer (RB), the RLC layerprovides three types of operation mode: Transparent Mode (TM),Unacknowledged Mode (UM), and Acknowledged Mode (AM). AM RLC provideserror correction through an Automatic Repeat Request (ARQ).

The RRC layer is defined only on the control plane. The RRC layer isrelated to the configuration, reconfiguration, and release of radiobearers, and is responsible for control of logical channels, transportchannels, and PHY channels. An RB means a logical route that is providedby the first layer (PHY layer) and the second layers (MAC layer, the RLClayer, and the PDCP layer) in order to transfer data between UE and anetwork.

The function of a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer on theuser plane includes the transfer of user data and header compression andciphering. The function of the PDCP layer on the user plane furtherincludes the transfer and encryption/integrity protection of controlplane data.

What an RB is configured means a process of defining the characteristicsof a wireless protocol layer and channels in order to provide specificservice and configuring each detailed parameter and operating method. AnRB can be divided into two types of a Signaling RB (SRB) and a Data RB(DRB). The SRB is used as a passage through which an RRC message istransmitted on the control plane, and the DRB is used as a passagethrough which user data is transmitted on the user plane.

If RRC connection is established between the RRC layer of UE and the RRClayer of an E-UTRAN, the UE is in the RRC connected state. If not, theUE is in the RRC idle state.

A downlink transport channel through which data is transmitted from anetwork to UE includes a broadcast channel (BCH) through which systeminformation is transmitted and a downlink shared channel (SCH) throughwhich user traffic or control messages are transmitted. Traffic or acontrol message for downlink multicast or broadcast service may betransmitted through the downlink SCH, or may be transmitted through anadditional downlink multicast channel (MCH). Meanwhile, an uplinktransport channel through which data is transmitted from UE to a networkincludes a random access channel (RACH) through which an initial controlmessage is transmitted and an uplink shared channel (SCH) through whichuser traffic or control messages are transmitted.

Logical channels that are placed over the transport channel and that aremapped to the transport channel include a broadcast control channel(BCCH), a paging control channel (PCCH), a common control channel(CCCH), a multicast control channel (MCCH), and a multicast trafficchannel (MTCH).

The physical channel includes several OFDM symbols in the time domainand several subcarriers in the frequency domain. One subframe includes aplurality of OFDM symbols in the time domain. An RB is a resourcesallocation unit, and includes a plurality of OFDM symbols and aplurality of subcarriers. Furthermore, each subframe may use specificsubcarriers of specific OFDM symbols (e.g., the first OFDM symbol) ofthe corresponding subframe for a physical downlink control channel(PDCCH), that is, an L1/L2 control channel. A Transmission Time Interval(TTI) is a unit time (e.g., slot, symbol) for subframe transmission.

Hereinafter, a new radio access technology (new RAT, NR) will bedescribed.

As more and more communication devices require more communicationcapacity, there is a need for improved mobile broadband communicationover existing radio access technology. Also, massive machine typecommunications (MTC), which provides various services by connecting manydevices and objects, is one of the major issues to be considered in thenext generation communication. In addition, communication system designconsidering reliability/latency sensitive service/UE is being discussed.The introduction of next generation radio access technology consideringenhanced mobile broadband communication (eMBB), massive MTC (mMTC),ultrareliable and low latency communication (URLLC) is discussed. Thisnew technology may be called new radio access technology (new RAT or NR)in the present disclosure for convenience.

FIG. 4 shows another example of a wireless communication system to whicha technical feature of the present disclosure can be applied.

Specifically, FIG. 4 shows a system architecture based on a 5G new radioaccess technology (NR) system. An entity used in the 5G NR system(hereinafter, simply referred to as “NR”) may absorb some or allfunctions of the entity (e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW) introduced in FIG. 1(e.g., eNB, MME, S-GW). The entity used in the NR system may beidentified in the name of “NG” to distinguish it from LTE.

Referring to FIG. 4, a wireless communication system includes one ormore UEs 11, a next-generation RAN (NG-RAN), and a 5th generation corenetwork (5GC). The NG-RAN consists of at least one NG-RAN node. TheNG-RAN node is an entity corresponding to the BS 20 of FIG. 1. TheNG-RAN node consists of at least one gNB 21 and/or at least one ng-eNB22. The gNB 21 provides NR user plane and control plane protocolterminations towards the UE 11. The Ng-eNB 22 provides an E-UTRA userplane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 11.

The 5GC includes an access and mobility management function (AMF), auser plane function (UPF), and a session management function (SMF). TheAMF hosts functions, such as non-access stratum (NAS) security, idlestate mobility processing, and so on. The AMF is an entity including theconventional MMF function. The UPF hosts functions, such as mobilityanchoring, protocol data unit (PDU) processing, and so on. The UPF is anentity including the conventional S-GW function. The SMF hostsfunctions, such as UE Internet Protocol (IP) address allocation, PDUsession control, and so on.

The gNB and the ng-eNB are interconnected through an Xn interface. ThegNB and the ng-eNB are also connected to the 5GC through an NGinterface. More specifically, the gNB and the ng-eNB are connected tothe AMF through an NG-C interface, and are connected to the UPF throughan NG-U interface.

FIG. 5 illustrates a functional division between an NG-RAN and a 5GC.

The gNB may provide functions such as an inter-cell radio resourcemanagement (Inter Cell RRM), radio bearer management (RB control),connection mobility control, radio admission control, measurementconfiguration & provision, dynamic resource allocation, and the like.The AMF may provide functions such as NAS security, idle state mobilityhandling, and so on. The UPF may provide functions such as mobilityanchoring, PDU processing, and the like. The SMF may provide functionssuch as UE IP address assignment, PDU session control, and so on.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a frame structure that may be appliedin NR.

Referring to FIG. 6, a frame may be composed of 10 milliseconds (ms) andinclude 10 subframes each composed of 1 ms.

In the NR, uplink and downlink transmissions may be configured on aframe basis. A radio frame has a length of 10 ms, and may be defined astwo 5 ms half-frames (HFs). The HF may be defined as five 1 mssub-frames (SFs). The SF is divided into one or more slots, and thenumber of slots in the SF depends on a subcarrier spacing (SCS). Eachslot includes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to a cyclic prefix(CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot includes 14 symbols. When anextended CP is used, each slot includes 12 symbols. Herein, the symbolmay include an OFDM symbol (or CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (orDFT-S-OFDM symbol).

One or more slots may be included in a subframe according to asubcarrier spacing.

The following table 1 illustrates a subcarrier spacing configuration

TABLE 1 μ Δf = 2^(μ) · 15[kHz] Cyclic prefix 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 260 Normal Extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal

The following table 2 illustrates the number of slots in a frame(N^(frame,μ) _(slot)), the number of slots in a subframe (N^(subframe,μ)_(slot)), the number of symbols in a slot (N^(slot) _(symb)), and thelike, according to subcarrier spacing configurations

TABLE 2 μ N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot) ^(frame, μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe, μ)0 14 10 1 1 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16

Table 3 below illustrates that the number of symbols per slot, thenumber of slots per frame, and the number of slots per subframe varydepending on the SCS, in case of using an extended CP.

TABLE 3 SCS(15*2{circumflex over ( )}μ) N^(slot) _(symb) N^(frame, u)_(slot) N^(subframe, u) _(slot) 60 KHz (μ = 2) 12 40 4

NR supports multiple numbers (or subcarrier spacing (SCS)) to supportvarious 5G services. For example, when the SCS is 15 kHz, a wide regionin the legacy cellular band is supported; and when the SCS is 30 kHz/60kHz, dense urban areas, low time delay and wide carrier bandwidth aresupported; and when the SCS is 60 kHz or more, a bandwidth of more than24.25 GHz is supported in order to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency ranges(FR1 and FR2). A numerical value of the frequency range may be changedand, for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1 and FR2) may beas shown in Table 4 below. For convenience of explanation, among thefrequency ranges used in the NR system, FR1 may refer to “sub 6 GHzrange” and FR2 may refer to “above 6 GHz range” and may be calledmillimeter wave (mmW).

TABLE 4 Frequency Range Corresponding designation frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing FR1  450 MHz-6000 MHz  15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHz

As described above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NRsystem may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a band of 410 MHz to7125 MHz as shown in Table 5 below. That is, FR1 may include a frequencyband of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher. For example,the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higherincluded in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. The unlicensed band maybe used for various purposes, for example, for communication for avehicle (e.g., autonomous driving).

TABLE 5 Frequency Range Corresponding designation frequency rangeSubcarrier Spacing FR1  410 MHz-7125 MHz  15, 30, 60 kHz FR2 24250MHz-52600 MHz 60, 120, 240 kHzIn an NR system, OFDM(A) numerologies (e.g., SCS, CP length, and so on)may be differently configured between a plurality of cells integrated toone UE. Accordingly, an (absolute time) duration of a time resource(e.g., SF, slot or TTI) (for convenience, collectively referred to as atime unit (TU)) configured of the same number of symbols may bedifferently configured between the integrated cells.

FIG. 7 illustrates a slot structure.

Referring to FIG. 7, a slot includes a plurality of symbols in a timedomain. For example, in case of a normal CP, one slot may include 14symbols. However, in case of an extended CP, one slot may include 12symbols. Alternatively, in case of the normal CP, one slot may include 7symbols. However, in case of the extended CP, one slot may include 6symbols.

A carrier includes a plurality of subcarriers in a frequency domain. Aresource block (RB) may be defined as a plurality of consecutivesubcarriers (e.g., 12 subcarriers) in the frequency domain. A bandwidthpart (BWP) may be defined as a plurality of consecutive (P)RBs in thefrequency domain, and the BWP may correspond to one numerology (e.g.,SCS, CP length, and so on). The carrier ma include up to N (e.g., 5)BWPs. Data communication may be performed through an activated BWP. Eachelement may be referred to as a resource element (RE) within a resourcegrid, and one complex symbol may be mapped thereto.

A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) may include one or morecontrol channel elements (CCEs) as illustrated in the following table 6.

TABLE 6 Aggregation level Number of CCEs 1 1 2 2 4 4 8 8 16 16

Monitoring means decoding each PDCCH candidate according to a downlinkcontrol information (DCI) format. The UE monitors a set of PDCCHcandidates in one or more CORESETs (described below) on the activated DLBWP of each activated serving cell for which PDCCH monitoring isconfigured according to a corresponding search space set.

Anew unit called a control resource set (CORESET) may be introduced inthe NR. The UE may receive a PDCCH in the CORESET.

FIG. 8 illustrates a CORESET.

Referring to FIG. 8, the CORESET includes N^(CORESET) _(RB) resourceblocks in the frequency domain, and N^(CORESET) _(symb)∈{1, 2, 3} numberof symbols in the time domain. N^(CORESET) _(RB) and N^(CORESET) _(symb)may be provided by a base station via higher layer signaling. Asillustrated in FIG. 8, a plurality of CCEs (or REGs) may be included inthe CORESET.

The UE may attempt to detect a PDCCH in units of 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEsin the CORESET. One or a plurality of CCEs in which PDCCH detection maybe attempted may be referred to as PDCCH candidates.

A plurality of CORESETs may be configured for the UE.

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a difference between a conventionalcontrol region and the CORESET in NR.

Referring to FIG. 9, a control region 300 in the related art wirelesscommunication system (e.g., LTE/LTE-A) is configured over the entiresystem band used by a base station (BS). All the terminals, excludingsome (e.g., eMTC/NB-IoT terminal) supporting only a narrow band, must beable to receive wireless signals of the entire system band of the BS inorder to properly receive/decode control information transmitted by theBS.

On the other hand, in NR, CORESET described above was introduced.CORESETs 301, 302, and 303 are radio resources for control informationto be received by the terminal and may use only a portion, rather thanthe entirety of the system bandwidth. The BS may allocate the CORESET toeach UE and may transmit control information through the allocatedCORESET. For example, in FIG. 9, a first CORESET 301 may be allocated toUE 1, a second CORESET 302 may be allocated to UE 2, and a third CORESET303 may be allocated to UE 3. In the NR, the terminal may receivecontrol information from the BS, without necessarily receiving theentire system band.

The CORESET may include a UE-specific CORESET for transmittingUE-specific control information and a common CORESET for transmittingcontrol information common to all UEs.

Meanwhile, NR may require high reliability according to applications. Insuch a situation, a target block error rate (BLER) for downlink controlinformation (DCI) transmitted through a downlink control channel (e.g.,physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)) may remarkably decreasecompared to those of conventional technologies. As an example of amethod for satisfying requirement that requires high reliability,content included in DCI can be reduced and/or the amount of resourcesused for DCI transmission can be increased. Here, resources can includeat least one of resources in the time domain, resources in the frequencydomain, resources in the code domain and resources in the spatialdomain.

In NR, the following technologies/features can be applied.

<Self-Contained Subframe Structure>

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a frame structure for new radio accesstechnology.

In NR, a structure in which a control channel and a data channel aretime-division-multiplexed within one TTI, as shown in FIG. 10, can beconsidered as a frame structure in order to minimize latency.

In FIG. 10, a shaded region represents a downlink control region and ablack region represents an uplink control region. The remaining regionmay be used for downlink (DL) data transmission or uplink (UL) datatransmission. This structure is characterized in that DL transmissionand UL transmission are sequentially performed within one subframe andthus DL data can be transmitted and UL ACK/NACK can be received withinthe subframe. Consequently, a time required from occurrence of a datatransmission error to data retransmission is reduced, thereby minimizinglatency in final data transmission.

In this data and control TDMed subframe structure, a time gap for a basestation and a UE to switch from a transmission mode to a reception modeor from the reception mode to the transmission mode may be required. Tothis end, some OFDM symbols at a time when DL switches to UL may be setto a guard period (GP) in the self-contained subframe structure.

FIG. 11 illustrates a structure of self-contained slot.

In an NR system, a DL control channel, DL or UL data, a UL controlchannel, and the like may be contained in one slot. For example, first Nsymbols (hereinafter, DL control region) in the slot may be used totransmit a DL control channel, and last M symbols (hereinafter, ULcontrol region) in the slot may be used to transmit a UL controlchannel. N and M are integers greater than or equal to 0. A resourceregion (hereinafter, a data region) which exists between the DL controlregion and the UL control region may be used for DL data transmission orUL data transmission. For example, the following configuration may beconsidered. Respective durations are listed in a temporal order.

1. DL only configuration

2. UL only configuration

3. Mixed UL-DL configuration

-   -   DL region+GP (Guard Period)+UL control region    -   DL control region+GP+UL region

Here, DL region may be (i) DL data region, (ii) DL control region+DLdata region. UL region may be (i) UL data region, (ii) UL data region+ULcontrol region.

In the DL control region, a PDCCH may be transmitted, and in the DL dataregion, a PDSCH may be transmitted. In the UL control region, a PUCCHmay be transmitted, and in the UL data region, a PUSCH may betransmitted. In the PDCCH, Downlink Control Information (DCI), forexample, DL data scheduling information or UL data schedulinginformation may be transmitted. In the PUCCH, Uplink Control Information(UCI), for example, ACK/NACK (Positive Acknowledgement/NegativeAcknowledgement) information with respect to DL data, Channel StateInformation (CSI) information, or Scheduling Request (SR) may betransmitted. A GP provides a time gap during a process where a gNB and aUE transition from the transmission mode to the reception mode or aprocess where the gNB and UE transition from the reception mode to thetransmission mode. Part of symbols belonging to the occasion in whichthe mode is changed from DL to UL within a subframe may be configured asthe GP.

<Analog Beamforming #1>

Wavelengths are shortened in millimeter wave (mmW) and thus a largenumber of antenna elements can be installed in the same area. That is,the wavelength is 1 cm at 30 GHz and thus a total of 100 antennaelements can be installed in the form of a 2-dimensional array at aninterval of 0.5 lambda (wavelength) in a panel of 5×5 cm. Accordingly,it is possible to increase a beamforming (BF) gain using a large numberof antenna elements to increase coverage or improve throughput in mmW.

In this case, if a transceiver unit (TXRU) is provided to adjusttransmission power and phase per antenna element, independentbeamforming per frequency resource can be performed. However,installation of TXRUs for all of about 100 antenna elements decreaseseffectiveness in terms of cost. Accordingly, a method of mapping a largenumber of antenna elements to one TXRU and controlling a beam directionusing an analog phase shifter is considered. Such analog beamforming canform only one beam direction in all bands and thus cannot providefrequency selective beamforming.

Hybrid beamforming (BF) having a number B of TXRUs which is smaller thanQ antenna elements can be considered as an intermediate form of digitalBF and analog BF. In this case, the number of directions of beams whichcan be simultaneously transmitted are limited to B although it dependson a method of connecting the B TXRUs and the Q antenna elements.

<Analog Beamforming #2>

When a plurality of antennas is used in NR, hybrid beamforming which isa combination of digital beamforming and analog beamforming is emerging.Here, in analog beamforming (or RF beamforming) an RF end performsprecoding (or combining) and thus it is possible to achieve theperformance similar to digital beamforming while reducing the number ofRF chains and the number of D/A (or A/D) converters. For convenience,the hybrid beamforming structure may be represented by N TXRUs and Mphysical antennas. Then, the digital beamforming for the L data layersto be transmitted at the transmitting end may be represented by an N byL matrix, and the converted N digital signals are converted into analogsignals via TXRUs, and analog beamforming represented by an M by Nmatrix is applied.

FIG. 12 is an abstract schematic diagram illustrating hybrid beamformingfrom the viewpoint of TXRUs and physical antennas.

In FIG. 12, the number of digital beams is L and the number of analogbeams is N. Further, in the NR system, by designing the base station tochange the analog beamforming in units of symbols, it is considered tosupport more efficient beamforming for a terminal located in a specificarea. Furthermore, when defining N TXRUs and M RF antennas as oneantenna panel in FIG. 12, it is considered to introduce a plurality ofantenna panels to which independent hybrid beamforming is applicable inthe NR system.

When a base station uses a plurality of analog beams as described above,analog beams suitable to receive signals may be different for terminalsand thus a beam sweeping operation of sweeping a plurality of analogbeams to be applied by a base station per symbol in a specific subframe(SF) for at least a synchronization signal, system information andpaging such that all terminals can have reception opportunities isconsidered.

FIG. 13 schematically illustrates a synchronization signal/PBCH(SS/PBCH) block.

Referring to FIG. 13, an SS/PBCH block may include a PSS and an SSS,each of which occupies one symbol and 127 subcarriers, and a PBCH, whichspans three OFDM symbols and 240 subcarriers where one symbol mayinclude an unoccupied portion in the middle reserved for the SSS. Theperiodicity of the SS/PBCH block may be configured by a network, and atime position for transmitting the SS/PBCH block may be determined onthe basis of subcarrier spacing.

Polar coding may be used for the PBCH. A UE may assume band-specificsubcarrier spacing for the SS/PBCH block as long as a network does notconfigure the UE to assume different subcarrier spacings.

The PBCH symbols carry frequency-multiplexed DMRS thereof. QPSK may beused for the PBCH. 1008 unique physical-layer cell IDs may be assigned.

Regarding a half frame having SS/PBCH blocks, the indexes of firstsymbols of candidate SS/PBCH blocks are determined according to thesubcarrier spacing of SS/PBCH blocks described blow.

Case A—Subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz: The first symbols of the candidateSS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {2, 8}+14*n where n=0, 1 fora carrier frequency of 3 GHz or less and n=0, 1, 2, 3 for a carrierfrequency which is greater than 3 GHz and is less than or equal to 6GHz.

Case B—Subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz: The first symbols of the candidateSS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {4, 8, 16, 20}+28*n wheren=0 for a carrier frequency of 3 GHz or less and n=0, 1 for a carrierfrequency which is greater than 3 GHz and is less than or equal to 6GHz.

Case C—Subcarrier spacing of 30 kHz: The first symbols of the candidateSS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {2, 8}+14*n where n=0, 1 fora carrier frequency of 3 GHz or less and n=0, 1, 2, 3 for a carrierfrequency which is greater than 3 GHz and is less than or equal to 6GHz.

Case D—Subcarrier spacing of 120 kHz: The first symbols of the candidateSS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {4, 8, 16, 20}+28*n wheren=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 18 for a carrierfrequency greater than 6 GHz.

Case E—Subcarrier spacing of 240 kHz: The first symbols of the candidateSS/PBCH blocks have an index represented by {8, 12, 16, 20, 32, 36, 40,44}+56*n where n=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 for a carrier frequency greaterthan 6 GHz.

The candidate SS/PBCH blocks in the half frame are indexed in ascendingorder from 0 to L−1 on the time axis. The UE needs to determine two LSBsfor L=4 of the SS/PBCH block index per half frame and three LSBs for L>4from one-to-one mapping with the index of a DM-RS sequence transmittedin the PBCH. For L=64, the UE needs to determine three MSBs of theSS/PBCH block index per half frame by PBCH payload bits.

The indexes of SS/PBCH blocks in which the UE cannot receive othersignals or channels in REs overlapping with REs corresponding to theSS/PBCH blocks may be set via a higher-layer parameter‘SSB-transmitted-SIB1’. Further, the indexes of SS/PBCH blocks perserving cell in which the UE cannot receive other signals or channels inREs overlapping with REs corresponding to the SS/PBCH blocks may be setvia a higher-layer parameter ‘SSB-transmitted’. The setting via‘SSB-transmitted’ may override the setting via ‘SSB-transmitted-SIB1’.The periodicity of a half frame for reception of SS/PBCH blocks perserving cell may be set via a higher-layer parameter‘SSB-periodicityServingCell’. When the UE does not receive the settingof the periodicity of the half frame for the reception of the SS/PBCHblocks, the UE needs to assume the periodicity of the half frame. The UEmay assume that the periodicity is the same for all SS/PBCH blocks in aserving cell.

FIG. 14 illustrates a method for a UE to obtain timing information.

First, a UE may obtain six-bit SFN information through a masterinformation block (MIB) received in a PBCH. Further, the UE may obtain afour-bit SFN in a PBCH transport block.

Second, the UE may obtain a one-bit half frame indicator as part of aPBCH payload. In less than 3 GHz, the half frame indicator may beimplicitly signaled as part of a PBCH DMRS for Lmax=4.

Finally, the UE may obtain an SS/PBCH block index by a DMRS sequence andthe PBCH payload. That is, the UE may obtain three bits of LSB of the SSblock index by the DMRS sequence for a period of 5 ms. Also, three bitsof MSB of timing information are explicitly carried in the PBCH payload(for more than 6 GHz).

In initial cell selection, the UE may assume that a half frame havingSS/PBCH blocks occurs with a periodicity of two frames. Upon detectingan SS/PBCH block, when k_(SSB)≤23 for FR1 and k_(SSB)≤11 for FR2, the UEdetermines that a control resource set for a Type0-PDCCH common searchspace exists. When k_(SSB)>23 for FR1 and k_(SSB)>11 for FR2, the UEdetermines that there is no control resource set for the Type0-PDCCHcommon search space.

For a serving cell in which SS/PBCH blocks are not transmitted, the UEobtains time and frequency synchronization of the serving cell based onreception of SS/PBCH blocks on a PCell or PSCell of a cell group for theserving cell.

Hereinafter, acquisition of system information will be described.

System information (SI) is divided into a master information block (MIB)and a plurality of system information blocks (SIBs) where:

-   -   the MIB is transmitted always on a BCH according to a period of        80 ms, is repeated within 80 ms, and includes parameters        necessary to obtain system information block type1 (SIB1) from a        cell;    -   SIB1 is periodically and repeatedly transmitted on a DL-SCH.        SIB1 includes information on availability and scheduling (e.g.,        periodicity or SI window size) of other SIBs. Further, SIB1        indicates whether the SIBs (i.e., the other SIBs) are        periodically broadcast or are provided by request. When the        other SIBs are provided by request, SIB1 includes information        for a UE to request SI;    -   SIBs other than SIB1 are carried via system information (SI)        messages transmitted on the DL-SCH. Each SI message is        transmitted within a time-domain window (referred to as an SI        window) periodically occurring;    -   For a PSCell and SCells, an RAN provides required SI by        dedicated signaling. Nevertheless, a UE needs to acquire an MIB        of the PSCell in order to obtain the SFN timing of a SCH (which        may be different from an MCG). When relevant SI for a SCell is        changed, the RAN releases and adds the related SCell. For the        PSCell, SI can be changed only by reconfiguration with        synchronization (sync).

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of a system information acquisitionprocess of a UE.

Referring to FIG. 15, the UE may receive an MIB from a network and maythen receive SIB1. Subsequently, the UE may transmit a systeminformation request to the network and may receive a system informationmessage from the network in response.

The UE may apply a system information acquisition procedure foracquiring access stratum (AS) and non-access stratum (NAS) information.

In RRC_IDLE and RRC_INACTIVE states, the UE needs to ensure validversions of (at least) the MIB, SIB1, and system information block typeX (according to relevant RAT support for mobility controlled by the UE).

In an RRC_CONNECTED state, the UE needs to ensure valid versions of theMIB, SIB1, and system information block type X (according to mobilitysupport for relevant RAT).

The UE needs to store relevant SI obtained from a currentlycamping/serving cell. The version of the SI obtained and stored by theUE is valid only for a certain period of time. The UE may use thisversion of the stored SI, for example, after cell reselection, afterreturn from out of coverage, or after indication of a system informationchange.

Hereinafter, random access will be described.

A UE's random access procedure may be summarized in Table 7.

TABLE 7 Type of signal Operation/obtained information Step 1 UplinkPRACH To obtain initial beam preamble Random election of RA-preamble IDStep 2 Random access Timing alignment information response onRA-preamble ID DL-SCH Initial uplink grant, temporary C-RNTI Step 3Uplink RRC connection request transmission on UE identifier UL-SCH Step4 Downlink C-RNTI on PDCCH for initial access contention C-RNTI on PDCCHfor RRC_CONNECTED resolution UE

FIG. 16 illustrates a random access procedure.

Referring to FIG. 16, first, a UE may transmit a PRACH preamble as Msg 1of the random access procedure via an uplink.

Two random access preamble sequences having different lengths aresupported. A long sequence having a length of 839 is applied to asubcarrier spacing of 1.25 kHz and 5 kHz, and a short sequence having alength of 139 is applied to a subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60kHz, and 120 kHz. The long sequence supports an unrestricted set andrestricted sets of type A and type B, while the short sequence maysupport only an unrestricted set.

A plurality of RACH preamble formats is defined by one or more RACH OFDMsymbols, different cyclic prefixes (CPs), and a guard time. A PRACHpreamble setting to be used is provided to the UE as system information.

When there is no response to Msg1, the UE may retransmit thepower-ramped PRACH preamble within a specified number of times. The UEcalculates PRACH transmission power for retransmission of the preamblebased on the most recent estimated path loss and a power rampingcounter. When the UE performs beam switching, the power ramping counterdoes not change.

FIG. 17 illustrates a power ramping counter.

A UE may perform power ramping for retransmission of a random accesspreamble based on a power ramping counter. Here, as described above,when the UE performs beam switching in PRACH retransmission, the powerramping counter does not change.

Referring to FIG. 17, when the UE retransmits the random access preamblefor the same beam, the UE increases the power ramping counter by 1, forexample, the power ramping counter is increased from 1 to 2 and from 3to 4. However, when the beam is changed, the power ramping counter doesnot change in PRACH retransmission.

FIG. 18 illustrates the concept of the threshold of an SS block in arelationship with an RACH resource.

A UE knows the relationship between SS blocks and RACH resources throughsystem information. The threshold of an SS block in a relationship withan RACH resource is based on RSRP and a network configuration.Transmission or retransmission of a RACH preamble is based on an SSblock satisfying the threshold. Therefore, in the example of FIG. 18,since SS block m exceeds the threshold of received power, the RACHpreamble is transmitted or retransmitted based on SS block m.

Subsequently, when the UE receives a random access response on a DL-SCH,the DL-SCH may provide timing alignment information, an RA-preamble ID,an initial uplink grant, and a temporary C-RNTI.

Based on the information, the UE may perform uplink transmission of Msg3of the random access procedure on a UL-SCH. Msg3 may include an RRCconnection request and a UE identifier.

In response, a network may transmit Msg4, which can be considered as acontention resolution message, via a downlink. Upon receiving thismessage, the UE can enter the RRC-connected state.

<Bandwidth Part (BWP)>

In the NR system, a maximum of 400 MHz can be supported per componentcarrier (CC). If a UE operating in such a wideband CC operates with RFfor all CCs turn on all the time, UE battery consumption may increase.Otherwise, considering use cases operating in one wideband CC (e.g.,eMBB, URLLC, mMTC, etc.), different numerologies (e.g., subcarrierspacings (SCSs)) can be supported for different frequency bands in theCC. Otherwise, UEs may have different capabilities for a maximumbandwidth. In consideration of this, an eNB may instruct a UE to operateonly in a part of the entire bandwidth of a wideband CC, and the part ofthe bandwidth is defined as a bandwidth part (BWP) for convenience. ABWP can be composed of resource blocks (RBs) consecutive on thefrequency axis and can correspond to one numerology (e.g., a subcarrierspacing, a cyclic prefix (CP) length, a slot/mini-slot duration, or thelike).

Meanwhile, the eNB can configure a plurality of BWPs for a UE evenwithin one CC. For example, a BWP occupying a relatively small frequencydomain can be set in a PDCCH monitoring slot and a PDSCH indicated by aPDCCH can be scheduled on a BWP wider than the BWP. When UEs converge ona specific BWP, some UEs may be set to other BWPs for load balancing.Otherwise, BWPs on both sides of a bandwidth other than some spectra atthe center of the bandwidth may be configured in the same slot inconsideration of frequency domain inter-cell interference cancellationbetween neighbor cells. That is, the eNB can configure at least oneDL/UL BWP for a UE associated with(=related with) a wideband CC andactivate at least one of DL/UL BWPs configured at a specific time(through L1 signaling or MAC CE or RRC signaling), and switching toother configured DL/UL BWPs may be indicated (through L1 signaling orMAC CE or RRC signaling) or switching to a determined DL/UL BWP mayoccur when a timer value expires on the basis of a timer. Here, anactivated DL/UL BWP is defined as an active DL/UL BWP. However, a UE maynot receive a configuration for a DL/UL BWP when the UE is in an initialaccess procedure or RRC connection is not set up. In such a situation, aDL/UL BWP assumed by the UE is defined as an initial active DL/UL BWP.

<Discontinuous reception (DRX)>

Discontinuous reception (DRX) refers to an operation mode that enables aUE to reduce battery consumption and to discontinuously receive adownlink channel. That is, the UE configured in DRX may discontinuouslyreceive a DL signal, thereby reducing power consumption.

A DRX operation is performed within a DRX cycle indicating a time periodin which an on duration is periodically repeated. The DRX cycle includesan on duration and a sleep duration (or opportunity for DRX). The onduration indicates a time period in which a UE monitors a PDCCH toreceive the PDCCH.

DRX may be performed in a radio resource control (RRC) IDLE state (ormode), RRC_INACTIVE state (or mode), or RRC_CONNECTED state (or mode).In the RRC_IDLE state and the RRC_INACTIVE state, DRX may be used todiscontinuously receive a paging signal.

-   -   RRC_IDLE state: State in which a wireless connection (RRC        connection) is not established between a base station and a UE.    -   RRC_INACTIVE state: State in which a wireless connection (RRC        connection) is established between a base station and a UE but        is deactivated.    -   RRC_CONNECTED state: State in which a radio connection (RRC        connection) is established between a base station and a UE.

DRX may be basically divided into idle-mode DRX, connected DRX (C-DRX),and extended DRX.

DRX applied in the idle state may be referred to as idle-mode DRX, andDRX applied in the connected state may be referred to as connected-modeDRX (C-DRX).

Extended/enhanced DRX (eDRX) is a mechanism capable of extending thecycle of idle-mode DRX and C-DRX and may be mainly used for applicationof (massive) IoT. In idle-mode DRX, whether to allow eDRX may beconfigured based on system information (e.g., SIB1). SIB1 may include aneDRX-allowed parameter. The eDRX-allowed parameter is a parameterindicating whether idle-mode extended DRX is allowed.

<Idle-Mode DRX>

In the idle mode, a UE may use DRX to reduce power consumption. Onepaging occasion (PO) is a subframe in which a paging-radio networktemporary identifier (P-RNTI) can be transmitted through a physicaldownlink control channel (PDCCH), a MTC PDCCH (MPDCCH), or a narrowbandPDCCH (NPDCCH) (addressing a paging message for NB-IoT).

In a P-RNTI transmitted through an MPDCCH, PO may indicate a startingsubframe of an MPDCCH repetition. In the case of a P-RNTI transmittedthrough an NPDCCH, when a subframe determined based on a PO is not avalid NB-IoT downlink subframe, the PO may indicate a starting subframeof an NPDCCH repetition. Therefore, a first valid NB-IoT downlinksubframe after the PO is the starting subframe of the NPDCCH repetition.

One paging frame (PF) is one radio frame that may include one or aplurality of paging occasions. When DRX is used, the UE needs to monitoronly one PO per DRX cycle. One paging narrow band (PNB) is one narrowband in which the UE receives a paging message. A PF, a PO and a PNB maybe determined based on DRX parameters provided via system information.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart illustrating an example of performing anidle-mode DRX operation.

Referring to FIG. 19, a UE may receive idle-mode DRX configurationinformation from a base station through higher-layer signaling (e.g.,system information) (S21).

The UE may determine a paging frame (PF) and a paging occasion (PO) tomonitor a PDCCH in a paging DRX cycle based on the idle-mode DRXconfiguration information (S22). In this case, the DRX cycle may includean on duration and a sleep duration (or opportunity for DRX).

The UE may monitor a PDCCH in the PO of the determined PF (S23). Here,for example, the UE monitors only one subframe (PO) per paging DRXcycle. In addition, when the UE receives a PDCCH scrambled with a P-RNTIin the on duration (that is, when paging is detected), the UE maytransition to a connected mode and may transmit and receive data to andfrom the base station.

<Connected-Mode DRX (C-DRX)>

C-DRX refers to DRX applied in the RRC connected state. The DRX cycle ofC-DRX may include a short DRX cycle and/or a long DRX cycle. Here, theshort DRX cycle may be optional.

When C-DRX is configured, a UE may perform PDCCH monitoring for an onduration. When a PDCCH is successfully detected during the PDCCHmonitoring, the UE may operate (or run) an inactivity timer and maymaintain an awake state. However, when the PDCCH is not successfullydetected during the PDCCH monitoring, the UE may enter a sleep stateafter the on duration expires.

When C-DRX is configured, a PDCCH reception occasion (e.g., a slothaving a PDCCH search space) may be discontinuously configured based onthe C-DRX configuration. However, when C-DRX is not configured, a PDCCHreception occasion (e.g., a slot having a PDCCH search space) can becontinuously configured in the present disclosure.

PDCCH monitoring may be limited to a time period set as a measurementgap regardless of a C-DRX configuration.

FIG. 20 illustrates a DRX cycle.

Referring to FIG. 20, the DRX cycle includes an ‘on duration(hereinafter, also referred to as a ‘DRX-on duration’) and an‘opportunity for DRX’. The DRX cycle defines a time interval in whichthe on-duration is cyclically repeated. The on-duration indicates a timeduration in which a UE performs monitoring to receive a PDCCH. If DRX isconfigured, the UE performs PDCCH monitoring during the ‘on-duration’.If there is a PDCCH successfully detected during the PDCCH monitoring,the UE operates an inactivity timer and maintains an awake state. On theother hand, if there is no PDCCH successfully detected during the PDCCHmonitoring, the UE enters a sleep state after the ‘on-duration’ ends.Therefore, when the DRX is configured, in the performing of theprocedure and/or methods described/proposed above, PDCCHmonitoring/reception may be performed discontinuously in a time domain.For example, when the DRX is configured, in the present disclosure, aPDCCH reception occasion (e.g., a slot having a PDCCH search space) maybe configured discontinuously according to the DRX configuration.Otherwise, if the DRX is not configured, in the performing of theprocedure and/or methods described/proposed above, PDCCHmonitoring/reception may be performed continuously in the time domain.For example, when the DRX is not configured, in the present disclosure,a PDCCH reception occasion (e.g., a slot having a PDCCH search space)may be configured continuously. Meanwhile, regardless of whether the DRXis configured, PDCCH monitoring may be restricted in a durationconfigured as a measurement gap.

Table 8 shows a UE procedure related to DRX (RRC_CONNECTED state).Referring to Table 8, DRX configuration information may be receivedthrough higher layer (e.g., RRC) signaling. Whether DRX is ON or OFF maybe controlled by a DRX command of a MAC layer. If the DRX is configured,PDCCH monitoring may be performed discontinuously.

TABLE 8 Type of signals UE procedure 1^(st) step RRC signalling ReceiveDRX configuration (MAC-CellGroupConfig) information 2^(nd) step MAC CEReceive DRX command ((Long) DRX command MAC CE) 3^(rd) step — Monitor aPDCCH during an on- duration of a DRX cycle

MAC-CellGroupConfig may include configuration information required toconfigure a medium access control (MAC) parameter for a cell group.MAC-CellGroupConfig may also include configuration information regardingDRX. For example, MAC-CellGroupConfig may include information fordefining DRX as follows.

-   -   Value of drx-OnDurationTimer: This defines a length of a        starting duration of a DRX cycle. It may be a timer related to a        DRX-on duration.    -   Value of drx-InactivityTimer: This defines a length of a time        duration in which the UE is in an awake state, after a PDCCH        occasion in which a PDCCH indicating initial UL or DL data is        detected.    -   Value of drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL: This defines a length of a        maximum time duration until DL retransmission is received, after        DL initial transmission is received.    -   Value of drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL: This defines a length of a        maximum time duration until a grant for UL retransmission is        received, after a grant for UL initial transmission is received.    -   drx-LongCycleStartOffset: This defines a time length and a        starting point of a DRX cycle    -   drx-ShortCycle (optional): This defines a time length of a short        DRX cycle.

Herein, if any one of drx-OnDurationTimer, drx-InactivityTimer,drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL, and drx-HARQ-RTT-TimerDL is operating, the UEperforms PDCCH monitoring in every PDCCH occasion while maintaining anawake state.

Hereinafter, the proposal of the present disclosure will be described inmore detail.

The following drawings were created to explain specific examples of thepresent disclosure. Since the names of specific devices described in thedrawings or the names of specific signals/messages/fields are presentedby way of example, the technical features of the present disclosure arenot limited to the specific names used in the following drawings.

In the NR system, a maximum of four BWPs may be set per serving cell,and a dormant state considers operation in units of BWPs. Accordingly, adormancy behavior for each cell and BWP needs to be defined.

In the LTE system, a dormant state is defined in order to rapidlyperform activation/deactivation of a secondary cell (SCell), and when aspecific SCell is set to a dormant state, a UE may not monitor a PDCCHfor the cell. Thereafter, in order to rapidly activate the correspondingSCell, it is defined that measurement and reporting are performed in thedormant state to monitor the channel condition and link status of thecorresponding cell. For example, when a specific SCell is set to adormant state, a UE does not perform PDCCH monitoring but may performmeasurement and reporting for channel state information (CSI)/radioresource management (RRM). In the NR system, the aforementioned dormantstate or a dormancy behavior may be defined in units of BWP.

For example, a dormancy behavior for each cell and BWP may be definedthrough the following methods. Meanwhile, in the present disclosure, adormancy behavior may be cross-interpreted as a UE operation based on adormant mode, and a normal behavior may be cross-interpreted as anoperation other than the dormancy behavior or as a UE operation based ona normal mode.

(Method 1 of Defining Dormancy Behavior) State Change

A network may indicate transition to a dormant state for a specific BWP,and a UE may not perform some or all of PDCCH monitoring set to the BWPfor which transition to the dormant state is indicated.

(Method 2 of Defining Dormancy Behavior) Dormant BWP

A network may designate a specific BWP as a dormant BWP. For example, itis possible to instruct PDCCH monitoring not to be performed byconfiguring a BWP having a bandwidth of 0, indicating minimum PDCCHmonitoring through BWP configuration, not indicating a search space setconfiguration, or the like.

Additionally, the NR system considers switching between a normal stateand a dormant state through L1 signaling such as DCI for faster SCellactivation/deactivation. For example, a dormancy behavior of a specificcell may be activated/deactivated through the following methods.

(Activation Method 1) Introduction of Special DCI

Special DCI for indicating a dormancy behavior of each SCell may bedefined. For example, a UE may be instructed to monitor special DCI in aPCell, and a network may determine whether dormancy is set for eachSCell through the special DCI. The dormancy behavior of the SCell may bedefined using the aforementioned method 1, method 2, or the like.

(Activation Method 2) Enhancement of BWP Indication Field in DCI

A BWP indication field of the existing DCI may be extended to performBWP indication of the corresponding cell and/or specific SCell(s). Thatis, cross-carrier indication for a BWP may be performed through theexisting BWP indication field.

(Activation Method 3) BWP Cross-Carrier Scheduling

Conventional cross-carrier scheduling indicates whether a cell is ascheduling cell or a scheduled cell, and in the case of a scheduledcell, performs pairing between carriers by indicating a scheduling cellof the scheduled cell. In order to define a dormancy behavior for anSCell, a method of indicating whether cross-carrier scheduling isperformed for each BWP may also be considered. For example, in each BWPconfiguration of the SCell, a scheduling cell that can indicate statetransition when a dormancy behavior is performed in the correspondingBWP may be designated. Alternatively, when a dormant BWP is designated,a scheduling cell that indicates a dormancy behavior in thecorresponding BWP may be designated in the corresponding BWPconfiguration.

As described above, various methods for implementing fastactivation/deactivation, and dormancy behavior of the SCell in NR areunder discussion. When the above-mentioned methods are used, thefollowing needs to be additionally considered.

(Issue 1) Default BWP triggered by a BWP inactivity timer

(Issue 2) Scheduling information in DCI triggering dormancy behavior

(Issue 3) HARQ feedback of DCI triggering dormancy behavior

The considerations and solutions will be described below.

In the present disclosure, a D-BWP may mean a BWP in which a dormancybehavior is performed, and an N-BWP is a normal BWP and may mean a BWPin which the conventional BWP operation is performed. In addition, inthe present disclosure, a dormancy behavior in a certain BWP may mean anoperation in which a PDCCH is not received in the BWP or is received ina longer period than in a normal behavior, or an operation in whichPDSCH/PUSCH scheduling for the BWP is not performed or is performed in aperiod longer than the normal behavior. Similarly, the dormant BWP maymean a BWP in which a PDCCH is not received or is received in a longerperiod than in the normal behavior, or PDSCH/PUSCH scheduling for theBWP is not performed or is performed in a longer period than in thenormal BWP.

FIG. 21 shows an example of a dormancy behavior. Specifically, (a) and(b) of FIG. 21 show examples of an operation according to indication ofa dormant state of a UE.

Referring to (a) of FIG. 21, the UE performs PDCCH monitoring in a firstBWP based on a normal behavior. Thereafter, when the UE receives adormant state indication, the UE does not perform PDCCH monitoring.

Referring to (b) of FIG. 21, the UE performs PDCCH monitoring in asecond BWP based on the normal behavior. Here, PDCCH monitoring may beperiodically performed based on a first period. Thereafter, when the UEreceives dormant state indication, the UE periodically performs PDCCHmonitoring based on a second period. In this case, the second period maybe longer than the first period.

Hereinafter, a default BWP triggered by a BWP inactivity timer will bedescribed.

In relation to the BWP operation, a BWP inactivity timer has beenintroduced in the NR system in order to prevent a case in whichdifferent active BWPs are configured due to misunderstanding between aUE and a network. If the UE does not receive a PDCCH for more than aspecific time designated by a timer in an active BWP, the UE can move toa default BWP indicated in advance by the network and perform PDCCHmonitoring in the default BWP according to PDCCH monitoringconfiguration such as CORESET and search space set configuration for thedefault BWP.

FIG. 22 shows an example of a BWP operation.

Referring to FIG. 22, when a UE does not receive a PDCCH for a time setby the BWP inactivity timer in a first BWP while receiving the PDCCH onthe first BWP, the UE moves to a second BWP that is a default BWP andperforms PDCCH monitoring.

Meanwhile, in the present disclosure including FIG. 22, moving from thefirst BWP to the second BWP may mean that an active BWP is changed fromthe first BWP to the second BWP.

When a default BWP operation and a dormancy behavior are performedtogether, operations inconsistent with the purposes thereof may beperformed. For example, the network may instruct a specific SCell tomove to a D-BWP or to switch the current BWP to a dormant state forpower saving of a UE. However, the UE for which a BWP inactivity timeris configured may move to the default BWP after a certain period of timeand perform PDCCH monitoring.

A simple way to solve this is to consider setting the default BWP to aD-BWP. However, in this case, an additional method for resolvingmisunderstanding between the network and the UE, which is the originalpurpose of the default BWP, is required. In the present disclosure, thefollowing method is proposed in order to apply the dormancy operationand the BWP inactivity timer together.

When the network instructs a UE to move to a D-BWP or switches thecurrent active BWP to a dormant state, the UE may ignore a previouslyset BWP inactivity timer or reset the BWP inactivity timer to apredefined value or a value indicated by the network in relation to thedormant state. For example, the network may set an appropriate dormancyperiod in consideration of the traffic condition of the UE and indicatethe corresponding value to the UE in advance. Thereafter, when the UE isinstructed to move to a D-BWP or to switch the current active BWP to adormant state, the UE may set a value indicated by the network as a BWPinactivity timer value. In addition, an inactivity timer for thedormancy behavior indicated by the network may operate independently ofthe existing BWP inactivity timer. For example, a UE instructed toperform a dormancy behavior may turn off the existing BWP inactivitytimer and operate the inactivity timer for the dormancy behavior.Thereafter, when the BWP inactivity timer expires or the UE isinstructed to move to an N-BWP or to switch to a normal state, the UEmay end the dormancy behavior.

In addition, when the dormancy behavior ends by the inactivity timer forthe dormancy behavior, the UE may move to a default BWP of thecorresponding cell or switch to a normal state. Alternatively, when thenetwork ends the dormancy behavior by the inactivity timer, the networkmay designate a BWP to which the UE will move and indicate the BWP tothe UE.

FIG. 23 shows another example of the BWP operation of a UE.Specifically, FIG. 23 shows an example of a case in which the UE isinstructed/configured to switch to a dormant state while the BWPinactivity timer is in operation in the example of FIG. 22.

Referring to FIG. 23, the UE receives a dormant state transition messageduring the operation of the BWP inactivity timer on a first BWP. Thedormant state transition message may be a message for instructing the UEto switch to a dormant state.

The inactivity timer for the dormancy operation may start upon receptionof the dormant state transition message by the UE. Here, if theinactivity timer for the dormancy behavior expires, the UE may performPDCCH monitoring on a second BWP, which is a default BWP.

Hereinafter, scheduling information in DCI which triggers a dormancybehavior will be described.

When movement between a D-BWP and an N-BWP is indicated by DCI or thelike, and the DCI is normal scheduling DCI, a problem may occur if it isnot clear whether an operation for scheduling information in the DCI isperformed. For example, when an operation for PDSCH scheduling in DCIindicating movement to a D-BWP is performed, an additional operation maybe required depending on whether reception of the corresponding PDSCH issuccessful. This may mean that PDCCH/PDSCH transmission/receptionoperations may continue even in the D-BWP. In order to solve such aproblem, the present disclosure proposes the following method.

(Case 1-1) Case in which DCI Indicating a Dormancy Behavior for aSpecific Cell or DCI Indicating Switching to a Dormant BWP IncludesPDSCH Scheduling Information

As described above, since PDSCH transmission/reception in a D-BWP maycause additional PDCCH/PDSCH transmission/reception, an operationcontrary to the purpose of the dormant BWP may be performed.Accordingly, PDSCH scheduling information for a D-BWP included in DCIindicating a dormancy behavior may be ignored. In addition, the decodingperformance of a UE may be improved by transmitting a known bit or aknown bit sequence in the corresponding field. To this end, known bitinformation on a field related to PDSCH scheduling may be indicated by anetwork or through previous definition.

(Case 1-2) Case in which in DCI Indicating Transition from a DormancyBehavior to a Normal Behavior or DCI Indicating Transition from aDormant BWP to a Normal BWP Includes PDSCH Scheduling or UplinkScheduling Information

In case 1-2, since PDSCH scheduling information or uplink schedulinginformation can reduce PDCCH transmission in a N-BWP or in a normalstate, it may be desirable to apply the information. However, in case1-2, determination of whether to apply PDSCH scheduling information oruplink scheduling information may be limited to a case in which thePDSCH scheduling information or uplink scheduling information is UL/DLscheduling related information in a N-BWP in which transition occurs orPDSCH or uplink transmission related information in a normal state. Forexample, when a field indicating a dormancy behavior for specificSCell(s) is added to DCI for scheduling a PDSCH of a PCell, PDSCHscheduling information of the DCI may mean PDSCH related information inthe PCell.

Hereinafter, HARQ feedback of DCI that triggers a dormancy behavior willbe described.

Since the dormancy behavior can limit PDCCH/PDSCH transmission andreception operations in an indicated cell (according to definition) asmuch as possible, subsequent operations of a network and a UE may begreatly affected by missing/false alarm, and the like. In order to solvethis, a method for improving decoding performance may be applied or anadditional confirmation operation for dormancy behavior indication maybe required. To solve this problem, the present disclosure proposesACK/NACK feedback for movement to a D-BWP or transition to a dormantstate. To this end, the following methods may be considered. The methodswhich will be described below may be implemented alone or incombination. In the following description, when DCI is configured onlywith an indication for a dormancy behavior, a UE cannot determinewhether or not NACK is provided, and thus the proposal below may beinterpreted as transmitting ACK signaling. Alternatively, when DCIindicating a dormancy behavior also includes PDSCH scheduling, it maymean that ACK/NACK for the corresponding PDSCH or uplink transmission inthe case of uplink scheduling is performed upon reception of a commandfor the dormancy behavior. That is, since both ACK and NACK may indicatethat DCI has been normally received, both ACK and NACK may indicate thatan indication for the dormancy behavior has been received.

(Case 2-1) Combination of Dormancy Command and UL/DL Scheduling

DCI indicating a dormancy behavior may include uplink/downlinkscheduling information, and ACK/NACK for downlink and scheduled uplinktransmission may mean that DCI including a dormancy behavior has beenproperly received, and thus a UE and a network may assume that theindicated dormancy behavior is to be performed. Here, since NACK meansNACK for PDSCH reception, NACK may also mean that an indication for adormancy behavior has been received.

(Case 2-1-1) Case in which a Target of Uplink/Downlink Scheduling is aDormant BWP or a Dormant State

It may be assumed that a UE can perform a dormancy behavior aftertermination of up to scheduled uplink/downlink scheduling and ACK/NACKresources or uplink resources for the corresponding scheduling in aD-BWP or a dormant state conform to the conventional ACK/NACK resourcedetermination method and uplink transmission method. The UE that hascompleted corresponding uplink/downlink transmission/reception mayperform a dormancy behavior and may assume that subsequent scheduling isnot present or ignore subsequent scheduling.

(Case 2-1-2) Case in which a Target of Uplink/Downlink Scheduling is aScheduling Cell/BWP or a Normal State

In this case, ACK/NACK or uplink transmission may mean that a dormancycommand has been normally received in the scheduling cell/BWP or normalstate, and a UE may perform a dormancy behavior.

(Case 2-2) Combination of Dormancy Command andNon-Scheduling/Fake-Scheduling

Case 2-2 is a case in which a dormancy behavior is indicated by DCI inwhich only a command for a dormancy behavior is valid withoutuplink/downlink scheduling information or DCI in which a schedulinginformation field can be assumed as dummy/dummy data. In this case,feedback information for the DCI may be transmitted because there is noassociated uplink/downlink transmission/reception. Here, when DCI is notreceived, the UE does not ascertain whether the DCI is transmitted, andthus it may actually mean ACK transmission. In this case, feedback forthe dormancy command may be transmitted in a dormant BWP or a dormantstate, and feedback resources may be indicated by the DCI carrying thedormancy command or feedback may be performed through predefinedfeedback resources.

Hereinafter, BWP determination for a normal state will be described.

When transition between a normal BWP and a dormant BWP is performed onlyby changing states without BWP indication, for example, when a networkallocates 1 bit to DCI transmitted from a PCell per SCell or per SCellgroup to indicate only dormancy, a BWP for dormant mode/normal mode ispredefined. As an example, the network may designate one BWP (D-BWP) forthe dormant mode, and if a predefined 1-bit field in DCI is “1” or “0”,designate an active BWP of an associated SCell as a D-BWP. In the caseof a dormant BWP, since a plurality of dormant BWPs only increasesignaling overhead and have no additional gain, it may be desirable todesignate only one dormant BWP per cell. On the other hand, in the caseof a general BWP, a maximum of 4 BWPs per cell may be designated as inthe conventional scheme. This may mean that, when transition from thedormant mode to the normal mode occurs, movement to one of configurednormal BWPs is required. The present disclosure proposes a method ofselecting an active BWP in the normal mode when a UE is instructed toswitch from the dormant mode to the normal mode.

(Option 1-1) Active BWP in Normal Mode Immediately Before Dormant Mode

As a first method, an active BWP in the normal mode before entering thedormant mode may be assumed to be an active BWP in the normal mode afterthe dormant mode. This may be useful when a time during which thedormant mode is maintained is relatively short.

(Option 1-2) Default BWP or BWP Predefined by Network

When a UE switches from the dormant mode to the normal mode, the UE maymove to a default BWP designated in the corresponding cell. In thiscase, the default BWP may be a default BWP to which the UE will movewhen a BWP inactivity timer expires, or a BWP designated by the networkusing higher layer signaling, or the like for an SCell dormancybehavior. When the network wants to operate a UE in a wider BWP or anarrower BWP than the default BWP, the network can move the BWP in thenormal mode through the conventional BWP switching procedure.

A method to be actually applied between the aforementioned options 1-1and 1-2 may be designated by previous definition or may be configured bythe network through higher layer signaling or the like. Alternatively,an option to be applied may be determined by additionally designating atimer or the like. For example, at the time of changing from the dormantmode to the normal mode, if a predefined timer has not expired, a UE maymove to the last active BWP in the normal mode immediately before thedormant mode according to option 1-1. After the timer expires, the UEinstructed to switch to the normal mode may move to a default BWP andperform the normal mode.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart for an example of a BWP operation method of aUE/terminal according to some implements of the present disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 24, the UE receives downlink control information (DCI)from a network (S2410). Here, the DCI may inform the UE of a leavingfrom a dormant BWP for a secondary cell (i.e., a transition to a normalmode).

Thereafter, the UE activates a specific BWP of the secondary cell basedon the DCI (S2420). Here, the specific BWP may be a BWP configured byhigher layer signaling received by the UE. That is, referring to FIG.24, the active BWP for the secondary cell is changed from the dormantBWP to the specific BWP.

FIG. 25 schematically illustrates an example to which the method of FIG.24 is applied.

FIG. 25 assumes that a first BWP, a second BWP, and a third BWP areconfigured for the UE for the secondary cell.

Referring to FIG. 25, the UE performs a dormant operation on the secondBWP of a secondary cell (SCell). Here, the second BWP may be an activeBWP on the secondary cell for the UE.

Thereafter, the UE receives DCI on a primary cell (PCell). The DCI mayindicate the UE to switch to the normal mode.

Thereafter, the UE configures the active BWP of the SCell to the thirdBWP, and performs a normal operation on the third BWP. Here, the thirdBWP may be a BWP configured as the active BWP when the UE switches tothe normal mode by higher layer signaling.

Hereinafter, the maximum number of BWPs per cell will be described.

In the conventional BWP operation, a maximum of 4 BWPs per cell can beconfigured for a UE. On the other hand, when the dormant BWP isintroduced, the limit may need to be adjusted. The present disclosureproposes a method for designating the maximum number of BWPs in a cellin which a dormant BWP is designated.

(Option 2-1) the Maximum Number of BWPs is Increased by 1 if DormantBWPs are Designated.

With respect to dormant BWPs, increase in the maximum number of BWPs percell due to dormant BWPs may not be a major issue because a UE haslittle hardware/software impact. Therefore, in a cell in which dormantBWPs are designated, the same operation as the previous operation can bemaintained by increasing the maximum number of BWPs by 1.

(Option 2-2) Dormant BWPs are not Included in the Number of BWPs.

As described above, on a dormant BWP, a UE does not perform most ofoperations performed in the conventional BWP. Accordingly, dormant BWPsare not included in the number of BWPs.

Hereinafter, HARQ feedback for dormancy indication will be described.

As described above, the dormancy behavior may limit PDCCH/PDSCHtransmission and reception operations in an indicated cell (according tothe definition) to the maximum, and thus subsequent operations of anetwork and a UE may be significantly affected by missing/false alarmand the like. To solve this, a method for increasing decodingperformance may be applied or an additional confirmation operation fordormancy behavior indication may be required. Hereinafter, in order tosolve such a problem, an ACK/NACK feedback method for dormancyindication is proposed. Although an ACK/NACK feedback method for adormancy behavior of an SCell in a PCell will be described below, thismethod may be equally applied even when the SCell indicates a dormancybehavior for another SCell.

As a method of indicating a dormancy behavior of an SCell in a PCell, amethod of appending dormancy behavior indication field for the SCell toDCI that schedules a PDSCH of the PCell or indicating a dormancybehavior for the SCell by reinterpreting some fields in the DCI thatschedules the PDSCH of the PCell may be considered. In this case, thefollowing two cases can be considered according to the role of DCI.Hereinafter, an ACK/NACK feedback method for dormancy indication foreach case will be described.

(Case 3-1) Combination of PDSCH Scheduling Information and SCellDormancy Indication

In case 3-1, ACK/NACK for a PDSCH scheduled along with dormancyindication may also be interpreted as ACK/NACK for dormancy indication.However, since NACK may be transmitted even when DCI is missed for thePDSCH, for example, a plurality of PDSCHs may be scheduled and HARQ-ACKfeedbacks for the PDSCHs may be transmitted in one PUCCH resource, theremay be a problem that it is not possible to distinguish whether thecorresponding NACK is NACK due to DCI missing or NACK indicating thatDCI is received, that is, dormancy indication is received, but decodingof PDSCHs has failed. To solve this problem, a method of transmittingACK/NACK information corresponding to a PDSCH and ACK/NACK informationfor dormancy indication are transmitted through the same PUCCH resourceis proposed. Specifically, ACK/NACK information corresponding to a PDSCHand ACK/NACK information for dormancy indication may be fedback/transmitted together through a slot after K1 slots indicated byHARQ-ACK feedback timing through the DCI from the DCI or thecorresponding PDSCH. More specifically, the ACK/NACK informationcorresponding to the PDSCH may configure a semi-static or dynamicHARQ-ACK codebook in the same way as in the legacy NR system, and thenappend 1-bit HARQ-ACK corresponding to dormancy indication to a specificposition in the corresponding HARQ-ACK codebook, such as the last digitor the highest bit index corresponding thereto, for example. That is,case 3-1 may mean a method of appending an ACK/NACK field (e.g., a 1-bitfield) for dormancy indication to the existing ACK/NACK reportingprocedure for PDSCH scheduling indicated along with the dormancyindication. Alternatively, 1-bit HARQ-ACK corresponding to dormancyindication may be transmitted in the next digit in the codebook of theHARQ-ACK bit corresponding to the PDSCH, or the 1-bit HARQ-ACKcorresponding to the dormancy indication may be transmitted in aspecific position of a HARQ-ACK payload corresponding to a cell to whichthe PDSCH is transmitted in the codebook, for example, the last digit orthe highest bit index corresponding thereto.

Alternatively, the UE may not expect PDSCH scheduling for acorresponding SCell in a slot in which the SCell switches a dormantstate or a plurality of slots including the corresponding slot. In thiscase, HARQ-ACK for dormancy indication for the SCell may be transmittedat a position where HARQ-ACK information for the SCell of thecorresponding timing is transmitted in the HARQ-ACK codebook fordormancy indication transmitted to a corresponding PCell for semi-staticcodebook, and the like. Here, if the dormancy indication is anindication for an SCell group consisting of a plurality of SCells, thesame feedback may be transmitted at all HARQ-ACK positions for thecorresponding SCells, or feedback may be transmitted at a HARQ-ACKposition for a specific SCell such as an SCell having the lowest index.In addition, the feedback may be transmitted as the same value for aplurality of slot timings at which PDSCH scheduling is not expected tothe SCell.

Meanwhile, a semi-static codebook and a dynamic codebook in the presentdisclosure may mean a type-1 codebook and a type-2 codebook based on NR.

(Case 3-2) SCell Dormancy Indication without PDSCH SchedulingInformation

According to case 3-2, since there is no PDSCH scheduling indicatedalong with dormancy indication, ACK/NACK for a PDCCH, that is, dormancyindication needs to be transmitted. For this, the following methods maybe considered.

(ACK/NACK transmission method 1) After a HARQ-ACK codebook based on NRis configured, such as a case in which a semi-static HARQ-ACK codebookis configured, a HARQ-ACK field for dormancy indication may be appendedto a specific position. Here, the specific position may be the lastdigit or the highest bit index corresponding thereto, and the appendedHARQ-ACK field may be a 1-bit field, for example.

(ACK/NACK transmission method 2) When the semi-static HARQ-ACK codebookis configured, similarly to the HARQ-ACK feedback method for DCIindicating SPS release of NR, a UE may assume that there is no otherunicast PDSCH reception within the same slot as the slot in which aPDCCH indicating a dormant state is transmitted when HARQ-ACK istransmitted in corresponding DCI within the semi-static HARQ-ACKcodebook or at a position corresponding to a slot in which the DCI istransmitted.

(ACK/NACK transmission method 3) In the same manner as in case 3-1,HARQ-ACK for dormancy indication may be transmitted at a HARQ-ACKposition corresponding to the SCell within the HARQ-ACK codebook.

Hereinafter, HARQ-ACK feedback timing will be described.

In the above description, the HARQ-ACK feedback timing for dormancyindication may be determined as follows.

(Option 3-1) Slots after K1 Slots from DCI

A slot after K1 from a slot in which DCI including dormancy indicationhas been transmitted, i.e., after a slot offset between DCI and HARQ-ACKmay be determined.

(Option 3-2) K1 slots from PDSCH scheduled by DCI

A network may determine a slot after K1 slots from a PDSCH positionbased on PDSCH resource allocation information in DCI including dormancyindication as a feedback timing. In case 3-2, although there is no PDSCHthat is actually scheduled, the network may allocate a virtual PDSCH todeliver the HARQ-ACK feedback timing for dormancy indication.

The above-mentioned proposal may be applied only when a candidate PDSCHreception slot associated with an uplink channel carrying HARQ-ACKinformation or a PDCCH monitoring occasion corresponding theretoincludes a monitoring occasion for a PDCCH indicating a dormant state.In addition, case 3-1 may be applied to only cases other than fallbackPUCCH transmission, that is, a case in which HARQ-ACK information to beactually fed back is 1 bit corresponding only to a single PCell singlePDSCH (in the case of a semi-static codebook) or corresponds to a singlePDSCH with counter-DAI=1. In other words, in the case of fallback PUCCHtransmission, only HARQ-ACK for a scheduled PDSCH may be fed backwithout additional HARQ-ACK feedback for dormancy indication.

The UE that has derived a slot offset through the above-described methodneeds to determine a start and length indicator value (SLIV) in a PDSCHslot corresponding to Kl, to which HARQ-ACK will be mapped. To this end,the present disclosure proposes a method of mapping correspondingHARQ-ACK to a virtual SLIV indicated by DCI or a specific SLIV candidatesuch as the first or last candidate, for example. This method may beapplied when the HARQ-ACK codebook is configured in the ACK/NACKtransmission method 2, particularly in case 3-2.

Additionally, in the case of a semi-static codebook, a HARQ-ACK setcorresponding to the current active downlink BWP of an activated celland the first active downlink BWP of a deactivated cell is fed back.When the active downlink BWP of a specific cell is a dormant BWP, aHARQ-ACK codebook corresponding to the cell may be configured throughthe following method. In addition, the following methods may be appliedfrom X ms after a dormant BWP is indicated, and the value X may bedetermined by previous definition or higher layer signaling of anetwork.

(Option 4-1) HARQ-ACK Corresponding to the First Active Downlink BWP andan SLIV and a Set of K1 Values Configured Therein as in a DeactivatedCell

(Option 4-2) 0 Bits

(Option 4-3) HARQ-ACK Corresponding to the Latest BWP Immediately Beforethe Corresponding Dormant BWP and an SLIV and a Set of K1 ValuesConfigured Therein

In addition to the above-described method, HARQ-ACK codebookconfiguration may conform to dormant BWP configuration when switching ofa dormancy behavior is performed through switching between a BWP(dormant BWP) corresponding to a dormancy behavior and a BWP(non-dormant BWP) corresponding to a non-dormancy behavior.Alternatively, if there are no configurations for HARQ-ACK codebookconfiguration, such as a time domain resource assignment (TDRA) tableand an SLIV table in dormant BWPs, it is possible to conform to theconfiguration of a specific BWP of the corresponding cell. Here, thespecific BWP may be a BWP having the lowest/highest index BWP excludingdormant BWPs, a configured reference BWP, an initial BWP, the latestnon-dormant active BWP, and the like, for example.

In the above-described methods, when a UE receives dormancy indicationagain before a dormancy/non-dormancy behavior according to dormancyindication is applied to the same SCell, the UE may follow the mostrecently received dormancy indication, or consider that an error hasbeen generated in reception of corresponding DCI if two dormancyindications indicate different behaviors on the assumption that the twodormancy indications indicate the same behavior (dormancy ornon-dormancy).

Alternatively, when the UE receives dormancy indication for an SCell,the UE may assume that dormancy indication for the corresponding cell isnot transmitted before the corresponding dormancy/non-dormancy behavioris applied or before a specific time period, or may not receive dormancyindication.

Although a case where dormancy indication is transmitted along withdownlink scheduling information has been mainly described above,dormancy indication can also be transmitted in uplink scheduling DCI. Inthe following, a feedback method for confirming whether a UE hascorrectly received dormancy indication when the dormancy indication istransmitted in uplink scheduling DCI is proposed. Here, feedback fordormancy indication may be transmitted only when the UE detectsindication different from the previous indication, for example, when theUE has previously received dormancy indication but subsequently detectsnormal behavior indication, the UE has previously received normalbehavior indication but subsequently detects dormancy indication, and anormal behavior instruction has been previously received but thereafterdormant When an indication is detected, and the UE has receivedindication for a specific SCell but subsequently receives indication foran SCell group.

(Feedback Method 1) Method of Using PUSCH

In the NR system, DCI format 0_1 (uplink non-fallback DCI) may include aPUSCH resource allocation field, a UL-SCH indicator field, and a CSIrequest field. In this case, CSI reporting and related operations of aUE may be as follows. Hereinafter, a HARQ-ACK feedback method fordormancy indication for each operation of each UE is proposed.

(Feedback Method 1-1) when a UL-SCH Indicator is OFF and a CSI Requestis ON, a UE Performs Aperiodic CSI Report Through a PUSCH.

In this case, when the UE performs CSI report, a gNB can recognize thatthe UE has received DCI, that is, DCI including dormancy indication, andthus additional dormancy indication related feedback may not berequired.

(Feedback Method 1-2) when the UL-SCH Indicator and the CSI Request areOFF, the UE does not Perform PUSCH Transmission for CSI Report and OnlyPerforms Downlink Measurement.

In this case, the UE may transmit a PUSCH to notify whether the dormancyindication is received. Here. The PUSCH may be a PUSCH with nullcontents.

Since the above-described method may not be distinguished from theconventional operation of performing only downlink measurement, thenetwork may indicate transmission of DCI based on dormancy indicationinstead of downlink measurement using a specific field in the DCI or acombination with specific field(s), and the UE may transmit a PUSCH or aPUSCH with null contents according to PUSCH scheduling of the DCI. Here,the specific field may be an additional 1-bit field indicating that thecorresponding DCI is DCI dedicated for dormancy indication or may be anexisting field set to a specific value, for example, a resourceallocation field set to 1.

Alternatively, in order to distinguish from the conventional operationof performing only downlink measurement, the UE may transmit a PUSCH ora PUSCH with null contents according to PUSCH scheduling of thecorresponding DCI when the gNB indicates a dormancy behavior or a normalbehavior for an arbitrary SCell. In this case, downlink measurement maynot be performed.

That is, when uplink grant DCI indicates that dormancy indication is ONand both the UL-SCH indicator and CSI report trigger are OFF accordingto the above-described method, a signal may be transmitted through PUSCHresources allocated by the DCI. On the other hand, when dormancyindication is OFF and both the UL-SCH indicator and CSI report triggerare OFF, PUSCH transmission corresponding to the DCI may be configurednot to be performed.

(Feedback Method 2) Method of Using HARQ-ACK Feedback Mechanism

When the UL-SCH indicator is OFF and the CSI request is OFF, the UE maytransmit explicit feedback for dormancy indication.

Since this method may not be distinguished from the conventionaloperation of performing only downlink measurement, the network mayindicate DCI transmission for dormancy indication rather than downlinkmeasurement using a combination with specific field(s) in DCI, and theUE may transmit feedback for the dormancy indication using explicitfeedback.

Here, the explicit feedback may be performed in such a manner that, whenHARQ-ACK for other PDSCHs is fed back in the corresponding slot,feedback for the dormancy indication is performed by adding 1 bit. Here,if there is no HARQ-ACK feedback for other PDSCHs, feedback for thedormancy indication may be performed using a PUCCH, and PUCCH resourcestherefor may be preset by RRC signaling, set through an uplink grant, orset through a combination of signaling and the uplink grant. That is,when dormancy indication is transmitted through uplink grant DCI, afeedback transmission timing and PUCCH transmission resources to be usedor applied for transmission of feedback for the corresponding dormancyindication may be indicated through fields in the DCI orreinterpretation of the fields in the DCI.

The claims described in the present disclosure may be combined invarious manners. For example, the technical features of the methodclaims of the present disclosure may be combined and implemented as anapparatus, and the technical features of the apparatus claims of thepresent disclosure may be combined and implemented as a method. Inaddition, the technical features of the method claims of the presentdisclosure and the technical features of the apparatus claims may becombined and implemented as an apparatus, and the technical features ofthe method claims of the present disclosure and the technical featuresof the apparatus claims may be combined and implemented as a method.

In addition to a UE, the methods proposed in the present disclosure maybe performed by an apparatus configured to control the UE, whichincludes at least one computer-readable recording medium including aninstruction based on being executed by at least one processor, one ormore processors, and one or more memories operably coupled by the one ormore processors and storing instructions, wherein the one or moreprocessors execute the instructions to perform the methods proposed inthe present disclosure. Further, it is obvious that an operation of abase station corresponding to an operation performed by the UE may beconsidered according to the methods proposed in the present disclosure.

Hereinafter, an example of a communication system to which thedisclosure is applied is described.

Various descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed herein may be applied to, but notlimited to, various fields requiring wireless communication/connection(e.g., 5G) between devices.

Hereinafter, specific examples are illustrated with reference todrawings. In the following drawings/description, unless otherwiseindicated, like reference numerals may refer to like or correspondinghardware blocks, software blocks, or functional blocks.

FIG. 26 illustrates a communication system 1 applied to the disclosure.

Referring to FIG. 26, the communication system 1 applied to thedisclosure includes a wireless device, a base station, and a network.Here, the wireless device refers to a device that performs communicationusing a radio access technology (e.g., 5G new RAT (NR) or Long-TermEvolution (LTE)) and may be referred to as a communication/wireless/5Gdevice. The wireless device may include, but limited to, a robot 100 a,a vehicle 100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an extended reality (XR) device 100 c, ahand-held device 100 d, a home appliance 100 e, an Internet of things(IoT) device 100 f, and an AI device/server 400. For example, thevehicle may include a vehicle having a wireless communication function,an autonomous driving vehicle, a vehicle capable of inter-vehiclecommunication, or the like. Here, the vehicle may include an unmannedaerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR device may includeaugmented reality (AR)/virtual reality (VR)/mixed reality (MR) devicesand may be configured as a head-mounted device (HMD), a vehicularhead-up display (HUD), a television, a smartphone, a computer, awearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, a robot,or the like. The hand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad,a wearable device (e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a computer(e.g., a notebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator,a washing machine, and the like. The IoT device may include a sensor, asmart meter, and the like. The base station and the network may beconfigured, for example, as wireless devices, and a specific wirelessdevice 200 a may operate as a base station/network node for otherwireless devices.

Here, the wireless communication technology implemented in the wirelessdevice of the present disclosure may include a narrowband Internet ofThings for low-power communication as well as LTE, NR, and 6G. At thistime, for example, NB-IoT technology may be an example of low power widearea network (LPWAN) technology, and may be implemented in standardssuch as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, may be implemented in thestandard of LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and is not limited to thenames mentioned above. Additionally or alternatively, the wirelesscommunication technology implemented in the wireless device of thepresent disclosure may perform communication based on LTE-M technology.In this case, as an example, the LTE-M technology may be an example ofan LPWAN technology, and may be called by various names such as enhancedmachine type communication (eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may beimplemented by at least any one of various standards such as 1) LTE CAT0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3) LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-BL (non-Bandwidth Limited),5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTE Machine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and isnot limited to the names described above. Additionally or alternatively,the wireless communication technology implemented in the wireless deviceof the present disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth,and LPWAN considering low power communication and is not limited to thenames described above. For example, the ZigBee technology may createpersonal area networks (PAN) related to small/low-power digitalcommunication based on various standards such as IEEE 802.15.4, and maybe called by various names.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300through the base station 200. Artificial intelligence (AI) technologymay be applied to the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f, and the wirelessdevices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to an AI server 400 through thenetwork 300. The network 300 may be configured using a 3G network, a 4G(e.g., LTE) network, or a 5G (e.g., NR) network. The wireless devices100 a to 100 f may communicate with each other via the base station200/network 300 and may also perform direct communication (e.g. sidelinkcommunication) with each other without passing through the basestation/network. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2 mayperform direct communication (e.g. vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)/vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). Further, the IoTdevice (e.g., a sensor) may directly communicate with another IoT device(e.g., a sensor) or another wireless device 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communications/connections 150 a, 150 b, and 150 c may beestablished between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f and the basestation 200 and between the base stations 200. Here, the wirelesscommunications/connections may be established by various wireless accesstechnologies (e.g., 5G NR), such as uplink/downlink communication 150 a,sidelink communication 150 b (or D2D communication), and inter-basestation communication 150 c (e.g., relay or integrated access backhaul(IAB)). The wireless devices and the base station/wireless devices, andthe base stations may transmit/receive radio signals to/from each otherthrough the wireless communications/connections 150 a, 150 b, and 150 c.For example, the wireless communications/connections 150 a, 150 b, and150 c may transmit/receive signals over various physical channels. Tothis end, at least some of various configuration information settingprocesses, various signal processing processes (e.g., channelencoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, resource mapping/demapping,and the like), and resource allocation processes may be performed on thebasis of various proposals of the disclosure.

FIG. 27 illustrates a wireless device that is applicable to thedisclosure.

Referring to FIG. 27, a first wireless device 100 and a second wirelessdevice 200 may transmit and receive radio signals through various radioaccess technologies (e.g., LTE and NR). Here, the first wireless device100 and the second wireless device 200 may respectively correspond to awireless device 100 x and the base station 200 of FIG. 26 and/or mayrespectively correspond to a wireless device 100 x and a wireless device100 x of FIG. 26.

The first wireless device 100 includes at least one processor 102 and atleast one memory 104 and may further include at least one transceiver106 and/or at least one antenna 108. The processor 102 may be configuredto control the memory 104 and/or the transceiver 106 and to implementthe descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 102may process information in the memory 104 to generate firstinformation/signal and may then transmit a radio signal including thefirst information/signal through the transceiver 106. In addition, theprocessor 102 may receive a radio signal including secondinformation/signal through the transceiver 106 and may store informationobtained from signal processing of the second information/signal in thememory 104. The memory 104 may be connected to the processor 102 and maystore various pieces of information related to the operation of theprocessor 102. For example, the memory 104 may store a software codeincluding instructions to perform some or all of processes controlled bythe processor 102 or to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.Here, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a radiocommunication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 106 may beconnected with the processor 102 and may transmit and/or receive a radiosignal via the at least one antennas 108. The transceiver 106 mayinclude a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 106 may bereplaced with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In the disclosure, thewireless device may refer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 includes at least one processor 202 andat least one memory 204 and may further include at least one transceiver206 and/or at least one antenna 208. The processor 202 may be configuredto control the memory 204 and/or the transceiver 206 and to implementthe descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed herein. For example, the processor 202may process information in the memory 204 to generate thirdinformation/signal and may then transmit a radio signal including thethird information/signal through the transceiver 206. In addition, theprocessor 202 may receive a radio signal including fourthinformation/signal through the transceiver 206 and may store informationobtained from signal processing of the fourth information/signal in thememory 204. The memory 204 may be connected to the processor 202 and maystore various pieces of information related to the operation of theprocessor 202. For example, the memory 204 may store a software codeincluding instructions to perform some or all of processes controlled bythe processor 202 or to perform the descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein.Here, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement a radiocommunication technology (e.g., LTE or NR). The transceiver 206 may beconnected with the processor 202 and may transmit and/or receive a radiosignal via the at least one antennas 208. The transceiver 206 mayinclude a transmitter and/or a receiver. The transceiver 206 may bereplaced with an RF unit. In the disclosure, the wireless device mayrefer to a communication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 aredescribed in detail. At least one protocol layer may be implemented, butlimited to, by the at least one processor 102 and 202. For example, theat least one processor 102 and 202 may implement at least one layer(e.g., a functional layer, such as PHY, MAC, RLC, PDCP, RRC, and SDAPlayers). The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate at leastone protocol data unit (PDU) and/or at least one service data unit (SDU)according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein. The at leastone processor 102 and 202 may generate a message, control information,data, or information according to the descriptions, functions,procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosedherein. The at least one processor 102 and 202 may generate a signal(e.g., a baseband signal) including a PDU, an SDU, a message, controlinformation, data, or information according to the functions,procedures, proposals, and/or methods disclosed herein and may providethe signal to the at least one transceiver 106 and 206. The at least oneprocessor 102 and 202 may receive a signal (e.g., a baseband signal)from the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 and may obtain a PDU, anSDU, a message, control information, data, or information according tothe descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed herein.

The at least one processor 102 and 202 may be referred to as acontroller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or a microcomputer. Theat least one processor 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or a combination thereof. For example, at least oneapplication-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digitalsignal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing devices(DSPD), at least one programmable logic devices (PLD), or at least onefield programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein maybe implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or softwaremay be configured to include modules, procedures, functions, and thelike. The firmware or software configured to perform the descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed herein may be included in the at least one processor 102 and202 or may be stored in the at least one memory 104 and 204 and may beexecuted by the at least one processor 102 and 202. The descriptions,functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowchartsdisclosed herein may be implemented in the form of a code, aninstruction, and/or a set of instructions using firmware or software.

The at least one memory 104 and 204 may be connected to the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202 and may store various forms of data, signals,messages, information, programs, codes, indications, and/or commands.The at least one memory 104 and 204 may be configured as a ROM, a RAM,an EPROM, a flash memory, a hard drive, a register, a cache memory, acomputer-readable storage medium, and/or a combinations thereof. The atleast one memory 104 and 204 may be disposed inside and/or outside theat least one processor 102 and 202. In addition, the at least one memory104 and 204 may be connected to the at least one processor 102 and 202through various techniques, such as a wired or wireless connection.

The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may transmit user data, controlinformation, a radio signal/channel, or the like mentioned in themethods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein to at leastdifferent device. The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may receiveuser data, control information, a radio signal/channel, or the likementioned in the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals,methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosed herein from at leastone different device. For example, the at least one transceiver 106 and206 may be connected to the at least one processor 102 and 202 and maytransmit and receive a radio signal. For example, the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202 may control the at least one transceiver 106 and206 to transmit user data, control information, or a radio signal to atleast one different device. In addition, the at least one processor 102and 202 may control the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 to receiveuser data, control information, or a radio signal from at least onedifferent device. The at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may beconnected to the at least one antenna 108 and 208 and may be configuredto transmit or receive user data, control information, a radiosignal/channel, or the like mentioned in the descriptions, functions,procedures, proposals, methods, and/or operational flowcharts disclosedherein through the at least one antenna 108 and 208. In this document,the at least one antenna may be a plurality of physical antennas or maybe a plurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). The at leastone transceiver 106 and 206 may convert a received radio signal/channelfrom an RF band signal into a baseband signal in order to processreceived user data, control information, a radio signal/channel, or thelike using the at least one processor 102 and 202. The at least onetransceiver 106 and 206 may convert user data, control information, aradio signal/channel, or the like, processed using the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202, from a baseband signal to an RF bad signal. Tothis end, the at least one transceiver 106 and 206 may include an(analog) oscillator and/or a filter.

FIG. 28 illustrates a signal processing circuit for a transmissionsignal.

Referring to FIG. 28, the signal processing circuit 1000 may include ascrambler 1010, a modulator 1020, a layer mapper 1030, a precoder 1040,a resource mapper 1050, and a signal generator 1060.Operations/functions illustrated with reference to FIG. 28 may beperformed, but not limited to, in the processor 102 and 202 and/or thetransceiver 106 and 206 of FIG. 27. Hardware elements illustrated inFIG. 28 may be configured in the processor 102 and 202 and/or thetransceiver 106 and 206 of FIG. 27. For example, blocks 1010 to 1060 maybe configured in the processor 102 and 202 of FIG. 27. Alternatively,blocks 1010 to 1050 may be configured in the processor 102 and 202 ofFIG. 27, and a block 1060 may be configured in the transceiver 106 and206 of FIG. 27.

A codeword may be converted into a radio signal via the signalprocessing circuit 1000 of FIG. 28. Here, the codeword is an encoded bitsequence of an information block. The information block may include atransport block (e.g., a UL-SCH transport block and a DL-SCH transportblock). The radio signal may be transmitted through various physicalchannels (e.g., a PUSCH or a PDSCH).

Specifically, the codeword may be converted into a scrambled bitsequence by the scrambler 1010. A scrambled sequence used for scramblingis generated on the basis of an initialization value, and theinitialization value may include ID information about a wireless device.The scrambled bit sequence may be modulated into a modulation symbolsequence by the modulator 1020. A modulation scheme may includepi/2-binary phase shift keying (pi/2-BPSK), m-phase shift keying(m-PSK), m-quadrature amplitude modulation (m-QAM), and the like. Acomplex modulation symbol sequence may be mapped to at least onetransport layer by the layer mapper 1030. Modulation symbols of eachtransport layer may be mapped to a corresponding antenna port(s) by theprecoder 1040 (precoding). Output z from the precoder 1040 may beobtained by multiplying output y from the layer mapper 1030 by aprecoding matrix W of N*M, where N is the number of antenna ports, and Mis the number of transport layers. Here, the precoder 1040 may performprecoding after performing transform precoding (e.g., DFT transform) oncomplex modulation symbols. Alternatively, the precoder 1040 may performprecoding without performing transform precoding.

The resource mapper 1050 may map a modulation symbol of each antennaport to a time-frequency resource. The time-frequency resource mayinclude a plurality of symbols (e.g., CP-OFDMA symbols or DFT-s-OFDMAsymbols) in the time domain and may include a plurality of subcarriersin the frequency domain. The signal generator 1060 may generate a radiosignal from mapped modulation symbols, and the generated radio signalmay be transmitted to another device through each antenna. To this end,the signal generator 1060 may include an inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT) module, a cyclic prefix (CP) inserter, a digital-to-analogconverter (DAC), a frequency upconverter, and the like.

A signal processing procedure for a received signal in a wireless devicemay be performed in the reverse order of the signal processing procedure1010 to 1060 of FIG. 28. For example, a wireless device (e.g., 100 and200 of FIG. 27) may receive a radio signal from the outside through anantenna port/transceiver. The received radio signal may be convertedinto a baseband signal through a signal reconstructor. To this end, thesignal reconstructor may include a frequency downconverter, ananalog-to-digital converter (ADC), a CP remover, and a fast Fouriertransform (FFT) module. The baseband signal may be reconstructed to acodeword through resource demapping, postcoding, demodulation, anddescrambling. The codeword may be reconstructed to an originalinformation block through decoding. Thus, a signal processing circuit(not shown) for a received signal may include a signal reconstructor, aresource demapper, a postcoder, a demodulator, a descrambler and adecoder.

FIG. 29 illustrates another example of a wireless device applied to thedisclosure. The wireless device may be configured in various formsdepending on usage/service.

Referring to FIG. 29, the wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond tothe wireless device 100 and 200 of FIG. 27 and may include variouselements, components, units, and/or modules. For example, the wirelessdevice 100 and 200 may include a communication unit 110, a control unit120, a memory unit 130, and additional components 140. The communicationunit may include a communication circuit 112 and a transceiver(s) 114.For example, the communication circuit 112 may include the at least oneprocessor 102 and 202 and/or the at least one memory 104 and 204 of FIG.27. For example, the transceiver(s) 114 may include the at least onetransceiver 106 and 206 and/or the at least one antenna 108 and 208 ofFIG. 27. The control unit 120 is electrically connected to thecommunication unit 110, the memory unit 130, and the additionalcomponents 140 and controls overall operations of the wireless device.For example, the control unit 120 may control electrical/mechanicaloperations of the wireless device on the basis of aprogram/code/command/information stored in the memory unit 130. Inaddition, the control unit 120 may transmit information stored in thememory unit 130 to the outside (e.g., a different communication device)through a wireless/wired interface via the communication unit 110 or maystore, in the memory unit 130, information received from the outside(e.g., a different communication device) through the wireless/wiredinterface via the communication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be configured variously depending onthe type of the wireless device. For example, the additional components140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery, an input/output(I/O) unit, a driving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devicemay be configured, but not limited to, as a robot (100 a in FIG. 26), avehicle (100 b-1 or 100 b-2 in FIG. 26), an XR device (100 c in FIG.26), a hand-held device (100 d in FIG. 26), a home appliance (100 e inFIG. 26), an IoT device (100 f in FIG. 26), a terminal for digitalbroadcasting, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device,a medical device, a fintech device (or financial device), a securitydevice, a climate/environmental device, an AI server/device (400 in FIG.26), a base station (200 in FIG. 26), a network node, or the like. Thewireless device may be mobile or may be used in a fixed place dependingon usage/service.

In FIG. 29, all of the various elements, components, units, and/ormodules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 may be connected to eachother through a wired interface, or at least some thereof may bewirelessly connected through the communication unit 110. For example,the control unit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected viaa cable in the wireless device 100 and 200, and the control unit 120 anda first unit (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelessly connected through thecommunication unit 110. In addition, each element, component, unit,and/or module in wireless device 100 and 200 may further include atleast one element. For example, the control unit 120 may include atleast one processor set. For example, the control unit 120 may beconfigured as a set of a communication control processor, an applicationprocessor, an electronic control unit (ECU), a graphics processingprocessor, a memory control processor, and the like. In another example,the memory unit 130 may include a random-access memory (RAM), a dynamicRAM (DRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a flash memory, a volatile memory,a non-volatile memory, and/or a combination thereof.

Next, an illustrative configuration of FIG. 29 is described in detailwith reference to the accompanying drawing.

FIG. 30 illustrates a hand-held device applied to the disclosure. Thehand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device(e.g., a smart watch or smart glasses), and a portable computer (e.g., anotebook). The hand-held device may be referred to as a mobile station(MS), a user terminal (UT), a mobile subscriber station (MSS), asubscriber station (SS), an advanced mobile station (AMS), or a wirelessterminal (WT).

Referring to FIG. 30, the hand-held device 100 may include an antennaunit 108, a communication unit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit130, a power supply unit 140 a, an interface unit 140 b, and aninput/output unit 140 c. The antenna unit 108 may be configured as apart of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 ccorrespond to the blocks 110 to 130/140 in FIG. 29, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive a signal (e.g.,data, a control signal, or the like) to and from other wireless devicesand base stations. The control unit 120 may control various componentsof the hand-held device 100 to perform various operations. The controlunit 120 may include an application processor (AP). The memory unit 130may store data/parameter/program/code/command necessary to drive thehand-held device 100. Further, the memory unit 130 may storeinput/output data/information. The power supply unit 140 a suppliespower to the hand-held device 100 and may include a wired/wirelesscharging circuit, a battery, and the like. The interface unit 140 b maysupport a connection between the hand-held device 100 and a differentexternal device. The interface unit 140 b may include various ports(e.g., an audio input/output port and a video input/output port) forconnection to an external device. The input/output unit 140 c mayreceive or output image information/signal, audio information/signal,data, and/or information input from a user. The input/output unit 140 cmay include a camera, a microphone, a user input unit, a display unit140 d, a speaker, and/or a haptic module.

For example, in data communication, the input/output unit 140 c mayobtain information/signal (e.g., a touch, text, voice, an image, and avideo) input from the user, and the obtained information/signal may bestored in the memory unit 130. The communication unit 110 may convertinformation/signal stored in the memory unit into a radio signal and maytransmit the converted radio signal directly to a different wirelessdevice or to a base station. In addition, the communication unit 110 mayreceive a radio signal from a different wireless device or the basestation and may reconstruct the received radio signal to originalinformation/signal. The reconstructed information/signal may be storedin the memory unit 130 and may then be output in various forms (e.g.,text, voice, an image, a video, and a haptic form) through theinput/output unit 140 c.

FIG. 31 illustrates a vehicle or an autonomous driving vehicle appliedto the disclosure. The vehicle or the autonomous driving may beconfigured as a mobile robot, a car, a train, a manned/unmanned aerialvehicle (AV), a ship, or the like.

Referring to FIG. 31, the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100may include an antenna unit 108, a communication unit 110, a controlunit 120, a driving unit 140 a, a power supply unit 140 b, a sensor unit140 c, and an autonomous driving unit 140 d. The antenna unit 108 may beconfigured as a part of the communication unit 110. Blocks 110/130/140 ato 140 d correspond to the blocks 110/130/140 in FIG. 29, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive a signal (e.g.,data, a control signal, or the like) to and from external devices, suchas a different vehicle, a base station (e.g. a base station, a road-sideunit, or the like), and a server. The control unit 120 may controlelements of the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 to performvarious operations. The control unit 120 may include an electroniccontrol unit (ECU). The driving unit 140 a may enable the vehicle or theautonomous driving vehicle 100 to run on the ground. The driving unit140 a may include an engine, a motor, a power train, wheels, a brake, asteering device, and the like. The power supply unit 140 b suppliespower to the vehicle or the autonomous driving vehicle 100 and mayinclude a wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like. Thesensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehicle condition, environmentalinformation, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 140 c mayinclude an inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor, a collision sensor, awheel sensor, a speed sensor, an inclination sensor, a weight sensor, aheading sensor, a position module, vehicular forward/backward visionsensors, a battery sensor, a fuel sensor, a tire sensor, a steeringsensor, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an ultrasonic sensor,an illuminance sensor, a pedal position sensor, and the like. Theautonomous driving unit 140 d may implement a technology for maintaininga driving lane, a technology for automatically adjusting speed, such asadaptive cruise control, a technology for automatic driving along a setroute, a technology for automatically setting a route and driving when adestination is set, and the like.

For example, the communication unit 110 may receive map data, trafficcondition data, and the like from an external server. The autonomousdriving unit 140 d may generate an autonomous driving route and adriving plan on the basis of obtained data. The control unit 120 maycontrol the driving unit 140 a to move the vehicle or the autonomousdriving vehicle 100 along the autonomous driving route according to thedriving plan (e.g., speed/direction control). During autonomous driving,the communication unit 110 may aperiodically/periodically obtain updatedtraffic condition data from the external server and may obtainsurrounding traffic condition data from a neighboring vehicle. Further,during autonomous driving, the sensor unit 140 c may obtain a vehiclecondition and environmental information. The autonomous driving unit 140d may update the autonomous driving route and the driving plan on thebasis of newly obtained data/information. The communication unit 110 maytransmit information about a vehicle location, an autonomous drivingroute, a driving plan, and the like to the external server. The externalserver may predict traffic condition data in advance using AI technologyor the like on the basis of information collected from vehicles orautonomous driving vehicles and may provide the predicted trafficcondition data to the vehicles or the autonomous driving vehicles.

FIG. 32 illustrates a vehicle applied to the disclosure. The vehicle maybe implemented as a means of transportation, a train, an air vehicle, aship, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 32, the vehicle 100 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140 a,and a positioning unit 140 b. Herein, blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 bcorrespond to block 110 to 130/140 of FIG. 29, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (e.g., data,control signals, etc.) with other vehicles or external devices such as abase station. The control unit 120 may control components of the vehicle100 to perform various operations. The memory unit 130 may storedata/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions ofthe vehicle 100. The input/output unit 140 a may output an AR/VR objectbased on information in the memory unit 130. The input/output unit 140 amay include a HUD. The positioning unit 140 b may acquire positioninformation of the vehicle 100. The location information may includeabsolute location information of the vehicle 100, location informationwithin a driving line, acceleration information, location informationwith a neighboring vehicle, and the like. The positioning unit 140 b mayinclude a GPS and various sensors.

For example, the communication unit 110 of the vehicle 100 may receivemap information, traffic information, and the like from an externalserver and store it in the memory unit 130. The positioning unit 140 bmay obtain vehicle position information through GPS and various sensorsand store it in the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 may generate avirtual object based on map information, traffic information, vehiclelocation information, and the like, and the input/output unit 140 a maydisplay the generated virtual object on a window inside the vehicle(1410 and 1420). In addition, the control unit 120 may determine whetherthe vehicle 100 is normally operating within the driving line based onthe vehicle location information. When the vehicle 100 abnormallydeviates from the driving line, the control unit 120 may display awarning on the windshield of the vehicle through the input/output unit140 a. Also, the control unit 120 may broadcast a warning messageregarding the driving abnormality to surrounding vehicles through thecommunication unit 110. Depending on the situation, the control unit 120may transmit the location information of the vehicle and information ondriving/vehicle abnormality to the related organization through thecommunication unit 110.

FIG. 33 illustrates a XR device applied to the disclosure. The XR devicemay be implemented as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in avehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, ahome appliance, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, and the like.

Referring to FIG. 33, the XR device 100 a may include a communicationunit 110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit140 a, a sensor unit 140 b and a power supply unit 140 c. Herein, blocks110 to 130/140 a to 140 c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 in FIG.29.

The communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (e.g., mediadata, control signals, etc.) to/from external devices such as otherwireless devices, portable devices, or media servers. Media data mayinclude images, images, sounds, and the like. The control unit 120 maycontrol the components of the XR device 100 a to perform variousoperations. For example, the control unit 120 may be configured tocontrol and/or perform procedures such as video/image acquisition,(video/image) encoding, and metadata generation and processing. Thememory unit 130 may store data/parameters/programs/codes/commandsnecessary for driving the XR device 100 a/creating an XR object. Theinput/output unit 140 a may obtain control information, data, and thelike from the outside, and may output the generated XR object. Theinput/output unit 140 a may include a camera, a microphone, a user inputunit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensor unit140 b may obtain an XR device state, surrounding environmentinformation, user information, and the like. The sensor unit 140 b mayinclude a proximity sensor, an illumination sensor, an accelerationsensor, a magnetic sensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, a RGBsensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprint recognition sensor, an ultrasonicsensor, an optical sensor, a microphone, and/or a radar. The powersupply unit 140 c supplies power to the XR device 100 a, and may includea wired/wireless charging circuit, a battery, and the like.

For example, the memory unit 130 of the XR device 100 a may includeinformation (e.g., data, etc.) necessary for generating an XR object(e.g., AR/VR/MR object). The input/output unit 140 a may obtain acommand to operate the XR device 100 a from the user, and the controlunit 120 may drive the XR device 100 a according to the user's drivingcommand. For example, when the user wants to watch a movie or newsthrough the XR device 100 a, the control unit 120 transmits the contentrequest information through the communication unit 130 to another device(e.g., the mobile device 100 b) or can be sent to the media server. Thecommunication unit 130 may download/stream contents such as movies andnews from another device (e.g., the portable device 100 b) or a mediaserver to the memory unit 130. The control unit 120 controls and/orperforms procedures such as video/image acquisition, (video/image)encoding, and metadata generation/processing for the content, and isacquired through the input/output unit 140 a/the sensor unit 140 b An XRobject can be generated/output based on information about onesurrounding space or a real object.

Also, the XR device 100 a is wirelessly connected to the portable device100 b through the communication unit 110, and the operation of the XRdevice 100 a may be controlled by the portable device 100 b. Forexample, the portable device 100 b may operate as a controller for theXR device 100 a. To this end, the XR device 100 a may obtain 3D locationinformation of the portable device 100 b, and then generate and outputan XR object corresponding to the portable device 100 b.

FIG. 34 illustrates a robot applied to the disclosure. The robot may beclassified into industrial, medical, home, military, and the likedepending on the purpose or field of use.

Referring to FIG. 34, the robot 100 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input/output unit 140 a,a sensor unit 140 b, and a driving unit 140 c. Herein, blocks 110 to130/140 a to 140 c correspond to blocks 110 to 130/140 in FIG. 29.

The communication unit 110 may transmit/receive signals (e.g., drivinginformation, control signal, etc.) to/from external device such as otherwireless device, other robot, or a control server. The control unit 120may perform various operations by controlling the components of therobot 100. The memory unit 130 may storedata/parameters/programs/codes/commands supporting various functions ofthe robot 100. The input/output unit 140 a may obtain information fromthe outside of the robot 100 and may output information to the outsideof the robot 100. The input/output unit 140 a may include a camera, amicrophone, an user input unit, a display unit, a speaker, and/or ahaptic module, etc. The sensor unit 140 b may obtain internalinformation, surrounding environment information, user information andthe like of the robot 100. The sensor unit may include a proximitysensor, an illumination sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magneticsensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an IR sensor, a fingerprintrecognition sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, amicrophone, a radar, and the like. The driving unit 140 c may performvarious physical operations such as moving a robot joint. In addition,the driving unit 140 c may make the robot 100 travel on the ground orfly in the air. The driving unit 140 c may include an actuator, a motor,a wheel, a brake, a propeller, and the like.

FIG. 35 illustrates an AI device applied to the disclosure. The AIdevice may be implemented as a stationary device or a mobile device,such as a TV, a projector, a smartphone, a PC, a laptop, a digitalbroadcasting terminal, a tablet PC, a wearable device, a set-top box, aradio, a washing machine, a refrigerator, digital signage, a robot, anda vehicle.

Referring to FIG. 35, the AI device 100 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, an input unit 140 a, anoutput unit 140 b, a learning processor unit 140 c, and a sensor unit140 d. Blocks 110 to 130/140 a to 140 d correspond to the blocks 110 to130/140 of FIG. 29, respectively.

The communication unit 110 may transmit and receive wired or wirelesssignals (e.g., sensor information, a user input, a learning mode, acontrol signal, or the like) to and from external devices, a differentAI device (e.g., 100 x, 200, or 400 in FIG. 26) or an AI server (e.g.,400 in FIG. 26) using wired or wireless communication technologies. Tothis end, the communication unit 110 may transmit information in thememory unit 130 to an external device or may transmit a signal receivedfrom the external device to the memory unit 130.

The control unit 120 may determine at least one executable operation ofthe AI device 100 on the basis of information determined or generatedusing a data analysis algorithm or a machine-learning algorithm. Thecontrol unit 120 may control components of the AI device 100 to performthe determined operation. For example, the control unit 120 may request,retrieve, receive, or utilize data of the learning processor unit 140 cor the memory unit 130 and may control components of the AI device 100to perform a predicted operation or an operation determined to bepreferable among the at least one executable operation. The control unit120 may collect history information including details about an operationof the AI device 100 or a user's feedback on the operation and may storethe history information in the memory unit 130 or the learning processorunit 140 c or may transmit the history information to an externaldevice, such as the AI server (400 in FIG. 26). The collected historyinformation may be used to update a learning model.

The memory unit 130 may store data for supporting various functions ofthe AI device 100. For example, the memory unit 130 may store dataobtained from the input unit 140 a, data obtained from the communicationunit 110, output data from the learning processor unit 140 c, and dataobtained from the sensing unit 140. Further, the memory unit 130 maystore control information and/or a software code necessary for theoperation/execution of the control unit 120.

The input unit 140 a may obtain various types of data from the outsideof the AI device 100. For example, the input unit 140 a may obtainlearning data for model learning and input data to which a learningmodel is applied. The input unit 140 a may include a camera, amicrophone, and/or a user input unit. The output unit 140 b may generatevisual, auditory, or tactile output. The output unit 140 b may include adisplay unit, a speaker, and/or a haptic module. The sensing unit 140may obtain at least one of internal information about the AI device 100,environmental information about the AI device 100, and user informationusing various sensors. The sensing unit 140 may include a proximitysensor, an illuminance sensor, an acceleration sensor, a magneticsensor, a gyro sensor, an inertial sensor, an RGB sensor, an IR sensor,a fingerprint sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, an optical sensor, amicrophone, and/or a radar.

The learning processor unit 140 c may train a model including artificialneural networks using learning data. The learning processor unit 140 cmay perform AI processing together with a learning processor unit of anAI server (400 in FIG. 26). The learning processor unit 140 c mayprocess information received from an external device through thecommunication unit 110 and/or information stored in the memory unit 130.In addition, an output value from the learning processor unit 140 c maybe transmitted to an external device through the communication unit 110and/or may be stored in the memory unit 130.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for activating a bandwidth part (BWP)performed by a user equipment (UE) for which a primary cell and asecondary are configured in a wireless communication system, the methodcomprising: transmitting channel state information (CSI) for a dormantBWP of the secondary cell, receiving downlink control information (DCI)from a network, wherein the DCI informs the UE of a leaving from thedormant BWP for the secondary cell, activating a specific BWP of thesecondary cell based on the DCI, wherein the specific BWP is a BWPconfigured by higher layer signaling received by the UE.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein the UE does not perform physical downlink controlchannel (PDCCH) monitoring or does not receive a physical downlinkshared channel (PDSCH) on the dormant BWP
 3. The method of claim 1,wherein the DCI is transmitted to the UE through the primary cell. 4.The method of claim 1, wherein an active BWP of the UE before receivingthe DCI is the dormant BWP.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein thedormant BWP is a BWP configured by the higher layer signaling.
 6. Themethod of claim 1, wherein a field length of a field indicating theleaving from the dormant BWP in the DCI is 1 bit.
 7. The method of claim1, wherein a maximum number of BWPs configurable for the secondary cellfor the UE is four.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the dormant BWP isa BWP included in the maximum number of BWPs.
 9. The method of claim 7,wherein the dormant BWP is a BWP that is not included in the maximumnumber of BWPs.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein the UE receives aPDSCH or a PDCCH on the specific BWP.
 11. The method of claim 1, whereinthe UE transmits feedback information for the DCI to the network afterthe leaving.
 12. The method of claim 11, wherein the DCI does notinclude PDSCH scheduling information associated with the DCI.
 13. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the DCI informs the UE of the leaving fromthe dormant BWP in units of a secondary cell group.
 14. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the primary cell is a cell in which the UE performs aninitial connection establishment procedure or a connectionre-establishment procedure, and the secondary cell is a cell in whichadditional radio resources are provided to the UE.
 15. A user equipment(UE) for which a primary cell and a secondary cell are configured, theUE comprising: one or more memories storing instructions; one or moretransceivers; and one or more processors coupling the one or morememories and the one or more transceivers, wherein the one or moreprocessors execute the instructions to: transmit channel stateinformation (CSI) for a dormant BWP of the secondary cell, receivedownlink control information (DCI) from a network, wherein the DCIinforms the UE of a leaving from the dormant BWP for the secondary cell,activate a specific BWP of the secondary cell based on the DCI, whereinthe specific BWP is a BWP configured by higher layer signaling receivedby the UE.
 16. A method for configuring a bandwidth part (BWP) performedby a base station in a wireless communication system, the methodcomprising: receiving channel state information (CSI) for a dormant BWPof the secondary cell configured for a user equipment (UE); transmittinga higher layer signal to the UE; and transmitting downlink controlinformation (DCI) to the UE; wherein the higher layer signal informs theUE of a dormant BWP of the secondary cell and a specific BWP, whereinthe DCI informs the UE of a leaving from the dormant BWP, wherein thespecific BWP is a BWP that the UE configures as an active BWP after theleaving.